Contents -- Note on the Translation and Transliteration of Japanese Names and Words -- Introduction: Immigrant Transnationalism between Two Empires -- Part I: Multiple Beginnings -- 1. Mercantilists, Colonialists, and Laborers: Heterogeneous Origins of Japanese America -- Part II: Convergences and Divergences -- 2. Re-Forming the Immigrant Masses: The Transnational Construction of a Moral Citizenry -- 3. Zaibei Doho: Racial Exclusion and the Making of an American Minority -- Part III: Pioneers and Successors -- 4. "Pioneers of Japanese Development": History Making and Racial Identity -- 5. The Problem of Generation: Preparing the Nisei for the Future -- 6. Wages of Immigrant Internationalism: Nisei in the Ancestral Land -- Part IV: Complexities of Immigrant Nationalism -- 7. Helping Japan, Helping Ourselves: The Meaning of Issei Patriotism -- 8. Ethnic Nationalism and Racial Struggle: Interethnic Relations in the California Delta -- Epilogue: Wartime Racisms, State Nationalisms, and the Collapse of Immigrant Transnationalism -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.