Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Hypersonic Ground Test Requirements -- I. Introduction -- II. History, Status, and Outlook for Hypersonic Test Requirements -- III. Potential Civilian Hypersonic Test Requirements Futures -- A. Planetary Exploration -- B. Access to Space -- IV. Military Hypersonic Test Requirements Futures -- A. Access to Space -- B. Missiles -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Principles of Hypersonic Test Facility Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Critical Hypersonic Technologies -- III. Hypersonic Scaling -- IV. High Enthalpy and High Speed -- V. Types of Hypersonic Facilities -- VI. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 NASA's HYPULSE Facility at GASL - A Dual Mode, Dual Driver Reflected-Shock/Expansion Tunnel -- I. Introduction -- A. Background -- B. Scope of the Chapter -- II. Shock Tunnels and Expansion Tubes -- A. Shock-Heated Facilities -- B. Reflected-Shock Tunnels -- C. Shock-Expansion Tubes -- III. Driver Methods -- A. Lighter Gases -- B. Electrically Heated Light Gases -- C. Combustion Heated Light Gases -- D. Compressively Heated Light Gases (Free-Piston Driver) -- E. Summary of Comparison of Driver Techniques -- F. The Shock-Induced Detonation Driver for HYPULSE -- IV. Operation and Performance of HYPULSE -- A. Facility Configuration and Sizing -- B. HYPULSE Operation -- C. Test Conditions Verification -- D. Test Time Determination -- V. Driver Gas Contamination in Detonation-Driven RST Mode -- A. Nozzle Flow -- B. Transient Development of Driver-Gas Leakage -- VI. Nozzle Design for Expansion Tunnel Mode Operation -- A. Skimmer Nozzles -- B. Full Capture Contoured Inlet Asymptoting to a Conical Profile -- C. Verification with Experiments -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter 4 LENS Hypervelocity Tunnels and Application to Vehicle Testing at Duplicated Flight Conditions -- I. Introduction -- II. Ground Test Simulation of Hypersonic Flight Performance -- III. Design, Operation, and Performance of the LENS I and LENS II Hypervelocity Ground Test Facilities -- A. Introduction -- B. Design and Operation of the LENS I and II Shock Tunnels -- C. Aerothermal, Aero-Optic, and Radiation Instrumentation Suites -- IV. Facility Validation -- V. Application of Test Facility and Instrumentation to Hypersonic Vehicle Testing -- A. Evaluation of the Aerothermal and Aero-optical Characteristics of High-Speed Interceptors -- B. Examples of Aerothermal Measurements to Evaluate Seekerhead Performance -- C. Example of Aero-Optic Measurements on Interceptor Seekerhead Configurations -- VI. Measurements of Jet Interaction Resulting from Divert Thruster Operation -- A. Introduction -- B. Flowfield and Aerothermal Characteristics -- C. Spectrometer and Radiometer Measurements of Flowfield Obscuration Phenomena -- VII. Studies of Scramjet Performance -- A. Introduction -- B. Shock Interaction Phenomena Occurring in the Engine -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 The U-12 Large Shock Tube -- I. Introduction -- II. Description of the U-12 Shock Tube -- III. Operation Regimes -- IV. Aerodynamic Investigations -- V. Measurements of Forces and Moments on Flight Vehicle Models -- VI. Investigation of Nonequilibrium Processes Behind Shockwave Front in Earth and Planetary Atmospheres -- VII. Radio-Physical Investigations at U-12 Facility -- VIII. Ballistic Regime of U-12 Shock Tube Operation -- A. Electromagnetic Device for a Disk Gyro-Stabilization -- B. Diaphragm Unit -- C. Brake Assembly -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Detonation-Driven Shock Tubes and Tunnels -- I. Introduction.

II. Gasdynamic Fundamentals of the Detonation Process -- III. Operating Principle Detonation Drivers -- A. Upstream Mode -- B. Downstream Mode -- IV. The Detonation-Driven Shock Tunnel TH2-D -- A. Setup of the Facility -- B. Initiation of the Detonation Wave -- C. Wave Processes in the Detonation and Damping Section -- D. Wave Processes in the Driven Section -- E. Calibration of Test Section Flow -- V. The JF-10 Detonation-Driven, High-Enthalpy Shock Tunnel -- A. Gas Filling and Mixing System -- B. Detonation Ignition -- C. Attenuation of the Incident Shockwaves -- D. Calibration Results -- E. Forward-Detonation Driver with a Cavity Ring -- F. Double-Detonation Driver -- G. Detonation Driver with a Converging Throat -- VI. The UTA High-Performance Shock Tube -- VII. Performance of Detonation-Driven Facilities -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Aerothermodynamics Research in the DLR High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel HEG -- I. Introduction -- II. The HEG Facility -- A. Operation -- B. Geometry of the Conical HEG Nozzle -- III. Measurement Techniques -- A. Classical -- B. Spectroscopic -- C. Time-Resolved Schlieren -- D. Forces -- IV. The Numerical Solver CEVCATS-N -- V. Nozzle Flow and Freestream -- A. Chemical/Thermal Equilibrium/Nonequilibrium -- B. Temporal Development of Flow -- C. Driver Gas Contamination -- VI. Flow Past a Circular Cylinder -- VII. Delay of Driver Gas Contamination -- VIII. Current Work -- A. X-38/CRV Rescue Vehicle -- B. Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator -- IX. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Characteristics of the HIEST and its Applicability for Hypersonic Aerothermodynamic and Scramjet Research -- I. Introduction -- II. Description, General Performance, and Limitations of the HIEST -- A. Description -- B. General Performance -- C. Limitations with the Nozzle Flow.

III. HOPE Aerodynamic Test -- IV. Surface Catalytic Effect on Heat Flux -- V. Scramjet -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Piston Gasdynamic Units with Multicascade Compression -- I. Introduction -- II. The Multicascade Compression PGU Complex -- III. The Multicascade Compression Method -- IV. Methods for Simulating the Main External Hypersonic Flow -- V. Simulation of Engine Jets Effect on Aft Elements of Launchers for Space Transportation System -- VI. Supersonic Combustion Tests in the PGU -- VII. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Arc-Heated Facilities -- I. Introduction -- II. Arc Heaters and Hypersonic Testing -- A. Purpose and History of Arc Heaters -- B. Types of Arc Facilities -- C. Arc Heater Test Cell Configurations -- D. Arc Heater Test Applications -- III. DoD and NASA Arc Facility Overview -- A. DoD Arcs -- B. NASA Arcs -- IV. Arc Heater Technology Topics Update -- A. Facility Technology -- B. Testing Techniques -- C. Facility Instrumentation -- D. Arc Modeling/Simulation -- V. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 The SCIROCCO 70-MW Plasma Wind Tunnel: A New Hypersonic Capability -- I. Introduction -- II. The Facility -- A. Process Description -- B. Facility Performances -- C. Technical Data of Main Components -- D. Facility Commissioning Status and Qualification -- III. The Hypersonic Challenge: Future and Potential Applications -- A. Generalities -- B. Test Chamber Flow Environment -- C. Aerodynamic Simulation Capabilities -- D. Air-Breathing Propulsion Simulation Capabilities -- IV. SCIROCCO Evolution -- A. Potential Aerodynamic Upgrade -- B. Potential Air-Breathing Propulsion Upgrade -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit -- I. Introduction -- II. General Hypersonic Aeropropulsion System Testing Future Requirements -- III. APTU Description.

A. Planned Near-Term Incremental APTU Test Capability Upgrades -- B. Mach 6.5 Free-Jet Test Capability -- C. Longer Test Duration -- D. Enhanced Altitude Simulation -- E. Enhanced Thrust Determination -- IV. Planned Mid- and Far-Term Incremental APTU Test Capability Upgrades -- A. Mach 8.0 Free-Jet Test Capability -- B. Increased Scale Capability -- V. APTU Technology Topics Update -- A. Test Methodologies -- B. Analysis Techniques -- VI. Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 13 Arc-Heated Facilities as a Tool to Study Aerothermodynamic Problems of Reentry Vehicles -- Nomenclature -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Facility and Measurement Techniques -- III. Flow Characterization -- IV. Experiments on Local Aerothermodynamics -- V. Characterization and Qualification of TPS Components -- VI. Qualification of Flight Sensors at Reentry Conditions -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 The NASA Langley Research Center 8-ft High Temperature Tunnel -- I. Introduction -- II. Facility Description -- A. Major Facility Components -- B. Major Facility Systems -- C. Data Acquisition and Instrumentation -- III. Test Capabilities -- A. Structures and Materials -- B. Airbreathing Propulsion -- C. System Concept Performance Validation -- IV. Operations -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 15 NASA Glenn Research Center's Hypersonic Tunnel Facility -- I. Introduction -- II. Facility History -- III. Facility Description -- A. Graphite Storage Heater -- B. Facility Hot Train -- C. Facility Nozzles -- D. Test Chamber and Thrust Stand Assembly -- E. Diffuser/Steam Ejector System -- F. Gaseous Nitrogen System -- G. Gaseous Oxygen System -- H. Cooling Water Systems -- I. Facility Control System -- J. Data Systems -- K. Test Article Support Systems -- L. Gaseous Hydrogen Fuel System -- M. Liquid JP Fuel Systems.

N. High Pressure Cooling Water.