Contents -- Translator's Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- Prologue: Language and the Imagined Community -- Introduction: The Japanese Language before Kokugo: Views of Mori Arinori and Baba Tatsui -- I-1. Mori Arinori's View of the Japanese Language -- I-2. Baba Tatsui's Criticism of Mori Arinori -- I-3. Baba Tatsui's Linguistic Void -- PART I: Kokugo Issues in Early Meiji -- CHAPTER 1: Perspectives on Kokuji, the National Script -- 1-1. The Meaning of Writing and the Representation of Language -- 1-2. Proposals by Maejima Hisoka to Abolish Kanji -- 1-3. Proposals by Scholars of the West: Kana and Rōmaji for National Script -- 1-4. The Kokuji Reform Movement in the Second Decade of Meiji -- 1-5. Kokuji Problems in the Fourth Decade of Meiji -- CHAPTER 2: Genbun Itchi and Kokugo -- 2-1. Linguistic Crisis and Genbun Itchi -- 2-2. From Script Reform to Genbun Itchi: Maejima Hisoka, Nishi Amane, and Kanda Takahira -- 2-3. Genbun Itchi by Mozume Takami and B. H. Chamberlain -- 2-4. Tokyo Language and Genbun Itchi -- 2-5. Meiji Standard Written Style and Genbun Itchi -- 2-6. Imperialism and Genbun Itchi -- CHAPTER 3: The Creation of Kokugo -- 3-1. Conception of Kokugo -- 3-2. Changes in the Concept of Kokugo in Early Meiji -- 3-3. Ōtsuki Fumihiko and the Development of Kokugo -- 3-4. Creation of the Ideology of Kokugo -- PART II: Ueda Kazutoshi and His Ideas about Language -- CHAPTER 4: The Early Period of Ueda Kazutoshi -- 4-1. From Kokubun to Kokugo -- 4-2. The Neogrammarians and the All-German Language Society -- 4-2-1. The Neogrammarians' Revolution from Above -- 4-2-2. The All-German Language Association and Its Language-Purification Movement -- CHAPTER 5: Kokugo and Kokka -- 5-1. Politicizing Kokugo -- 5-2. Mother and Homeland -- 5-3. For Kokugo -- CHAPTER 6: From Kokugo Studies to Kokugo Politics -- 6-1. Scheme for Kokugogaku.

6-2. Hyōjungo and Genbun Itchi -- 6-3. Kokugo Politics and Kokugogaku -- 6-4. Kokugo to Be Taught -- 6-5. From Kokugo to Imperial Language -- 6-6. The Later Years of Ueda Kazutoshi -- PART III: Kokugogaku and Linguistics -- CHAPTER 7: Hoshina Ko-ichi-a Forgotten Scholar -- 7-1. From Ueda to Hoshina -- 7-2. Kokugo and the Colonies -- CHAPTER 8: The History of Kokugogaku -- 8-1. Kokugogaku vs. Linguistics -- 8-2. Hoshina's Abbreviated History of Kokugogaku -- 8-3. Systematizing Kokugogaku -- 8-4. Yamada Yoshio's Concise History of Kokugogaku -- 8-5. Tokieda Motoki's History of Kokugogaku -- CHAPTER 9: Tradition and Reformin Kokugo -- 9-1. Linguistics and Kokugo Reform -- 9-2. Dispute over the Revision of Kana Usage -- 9-3. Yamada Yoshio and the Tradition of Kokugo -- 9-4. Tokieda Motoki and the Theory of Language as Process -- PART IV: Hoshina Ko-ichi and His Language Policies -- CHAPTER 10: The Ideology of Hyo - jungo -- 10-1. Hyōjungo and Kyōtsūgo -- 10-2. Dialects and the Standard Language -- 10-3. From Hyōjungo to Political Issues in Kokugo -- CHAPTER 11: Korea and Poland -- 11-1. Korea and Poland: Double Exposure -- 11-2. Kokugo Education and Assimilation Policy -- 11-3. Language Policy in German Poland -- 11-4. The School Strike and the March First Movement -- CHAPTER 12: What Is Assimilation? -- 12-1. Colonization and Assimilation -- 12-2. Eradication of the Ethnic Language in Colonized Korea -- 12-3. What Is Assimilation? -- CHAPTER 13: Manchukuo and the State Language -- 13-1. The Multiethnic Nation Manchukuo -- 13-2. A Multiethnic Nation and Political Language Problems -- 13-3. The State Language Debate in the Austro-Hungarian Empire -- 13-4. The Idea of Kokka-go -- CHAPTER 14: Language for the Co-Prosperity Sphere and the Internationalization ofthe Japanese Language -- 14-1. Debates on Kana Script in Manchukuo.

14-2. The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and Kokugo Policy -- 14-3. The Japanese Language Expanding Worldwide -- 14-4. The First Conference on Provisions of Kokugo -- 14-5. The Second Conference on Provisions of Kokugo -- 14-6. Kokugo Reform and the Promotion of Nihongo -- 14-7. Counterattack by the Ultranationalists -- 14-8. A Dream of Kyōeiken-go, the Language of the Co-Prosperity Sphere -- CHAPTER 15: Conclusion -- Chronology -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.