Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- End Notes -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Fundamental Concepts of Radiometry -- 1.1 Electromagnetic Radiation -- 1.2 Terminology Conventions -- 1.3 Wavelength Notations and Solid Angle -- 1.4 Fundamental Definitions -- 1.5 Lambertian Radiators and Lambert's Cosine Law -- 1.6 Radiance, Irradiance, Intensity, and Flux Relationships -- 1.7 Connection with Electromagnetic Theory -- 1.8 Polarization -- 1.9 Photon Flux -- 1.10 Radiometric Information -- End Notes -- 2 Fundamental Concepts of Photometry -- 2.1 Light -- 2.2 Photometric Definitions -- 2.2.1 Radiation Luminous Efficacy, K and the V-lambda Function -- 2.2.2 Lighting System Luminous Efficacy,Ks -- 2.3 Luminance and Brightness -- 2.4 Luminance and Vision -- 2.5 Disability Glare -- 2.6 Discomfort Glare -- 2.7 Illumination -- 2.7.1 Illuminance Selection -- End Notes -- 3 Blackbodies and Other Sources -- 3.1 Blackbody Radiation -- 3.2 Planck's Law -- 3.3 Wien Displacement Law -- 3.4 Luminous Efficacy of Blackbody Radiation -- 3.5 Color and Distribution Temperatures -- 3.6 Emission Into an Imperfect Vacuum -- 3.7 Radiation Exchange -- 3.8 Experimental Approximation of a Blackbody -- 3.9 Other Real Sources -- End Notes -- 4 Source/Receiver Flux Transfer Calculations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Geometry and Definitions -- 4.2.1 Case 1 -- 4.2.2 Case 2 -- 4.2.3 Case 3 -- 4.2.4 Case 4 -- 4.2.5 Case 5 -- 4.2.6 Case 6 -- 4.2.7 Case 7 -- 4.3 Configuration Factor -- 4.4 Net Exchange of Radiation -- 4.5 Summary -- End Notes -- 5 The Invariance of Radiance and the Limits of Optical Concentration -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Radiance Is a Field Quantity -- 5.3 Pencils of Rays -- 5.4 Elementary Beam Of Radiation -- 5.5 Radiance Invariance -- 5.6 Radiance Invariance at an Interface -- 5.7 Radiance Through a Lens -- 5.8 Radiance in Absorbing and Scattering Media.

5.9 Concentrating Radiance Meter -- 5.10 The Limits of Optical Concentration -- End Notes -- 6 Optical Properties of Materials -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Terminology -- 6.3 Surface and Interface Optical Proper -- 6.3.1 Conductor Optical Properties -- 6.3.2 Nonconductor Optical Properties -- 6.3.3 Surface Emission Properties -- 6.3.4 Angular Dependence of Dielectric Optical Properties -- 6.3.5 Rough Surfaces -- 6.4 Bulk Medium Optical Properties -- 6.5 Properties of Plane Parallel Plates -- 6.5.1 Nonscattering Media -- 6.5.2 Scattering Media -- 6.6 Angular Dependence -- 6.7 Broadband Angle Properties -- 6.7.1 Transmittance and Reflectance Equations -- 6.7.2 Specular and Diffuse Optical Properties -- 6.8 Spectral Dependence -- 6.9 Broadband Spectral Properties -- 6.10 Spectral Selectivity -- End Notes -- 7 The Detection of Radiation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basic Concepts -- 7.3 Classification of Detectors -- 7.3.1 Thermal Detectors -- 7.3.2 Photemissive Detectors -- 7.3.3 Semiconductor Devices -- 7.3.4 Multielement Detectors, Charge Transfer Devices, and Imagers -- 7.4 Detector Noise -- 7.5 Signal Modulation and Radiation Chopping -- 7.6 Characterization of Detector Performance -- 7.6.1 Responsivity, R -- 7.6.2 Quantum Efficiency, η -- 7.6.3 Noise Equivalent Power, NEP -- 7.6.4 Detectivity, D -- 7.6.5 Photon Noise-Limited Performance -- 7.7 Flux Conditoning Prior to the Detector -- 7.7.1 Cosine Response Correction -- 7.7.2 Photopic Correction -- 7.7.3 Spectral Filtering -- 7.8 Signal Conditioning Affer the Detector -- 7.9 Detector Calibration -- 7.10 Example Detectors and Their Characteristics -- End Notes -- 8 Optical Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Optical Axis -- 8.3 Idealized (Thin) Lens Theory -- 8.4 Radiance and Irradiance of Images -- 8.5 Vignetting -- 8.6 Aberrations -- 8.6.1 Spherical Aberration -- 8.6.2 Chromatic Aberration.

8.6.3 Distortion -- 8.6.4 Coma -- 8.6.5 Astigmatism -- 8.6.6 Field Curvature -- 8.6.7 Correctiug Aberrations -- 8.6.8 The Diffraction Limit -- 8.7 Image Quality -- 8.8 Flux Distribution -- 8.9 Nonimaging Optical Systems -- 8.10 Throughput -- 8.11 Integrating Spheres -- 8.11.1 Cosine Correction -- 8.11.2 Transmissometers and Reflectometers -- 8.12 Monochromators -- 8.12.1 Spectral Filters -- 8.12.2 Scanning Monochromators -- 8.13 Windows -- 8.14 Sources -- 8.15 Goniometers -- 8.16 Transmissometers/Reflectometers -- 8.17 Scattering Meters, Nephelometers, Turbidimeters, and Haze Meters -- End Notes -- 9 Radiometers and Photometers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 General Design Factors -- 9.3 Broadband Irradiance and Radiance Meters -- 9.4 Restricted Spectral Band Irradiance Meters for the Ultraviolet through the Infrared -- 9.5 Illuminance and Luminance Meters -- 9.6 Spectroradiometers -- 9.7 Calibration of Radiometers and Photometers -- 9.7.1 Transfer Standards -- 9.7.2 Broadband Irradiance Standard Sources -- 9.7.3 Standard Sources for Spectral Irradiance and Spectral Radiance -- 9.7.4 Absolute Radiometry -- 9.7.5 Standard Illuminance and Luminance Sources -- 9.7.6 Radiometer/Photometer Calibration Using Standar Sources -- 9.7.7 Spectroradiometer Calibration -- 9.7.8 National Standards Laboratories ann Instrument Organizations -- End Notes -- 10 Metric Primer and Additional Radiometric and Photometric Quantities and Units -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The SI System of Units -- 10.2.1 Basic Metric Principles -- 10.2.2 Metric Units for Radiometry and Photometry -- 10.3 The I-P System of Units -- 10.4 Photon Flux Units -- 10.5 Other Quantities and Units -- End Notes -- 11 Virtual Measurement: Computerized Optical Ray Trace Analysis -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Ray Tracing in Radiometry and Photometry -- 11.3 Rays and Their Limitations in Ray Tracing Programs.

11.4 Computerized Optical Ray Tracing Methodology -- 11.5 The Ray Tracing Process -- 11.6 Analysis of Results -- End Notes -- 12 Basic Concepts of Color Science -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Basic Concepts And Definitions -- 12.3 Systems of Color Specification -- 12.3.1 Munsell Color System -- 12.3.2 CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) Color Space -- 12.3.3 Tristimulus Colorimetry -- 12.4 CIE 1931 Color System -- 12.5 CIE 1964 Supplementary Observer Color System -- 12.6 CIE 1976 Uniform Color Space -- 12.7 Color Temperature -- 12.8 Standard Illuminants and Reflection Colorimetry -- 12.8.1 Blackbody Illuminants -- 12.8.2 Daylight IIIuminants -- 12.8.3 Reflection Colorimetry -- 12.9 Color Rendering Index -- 12.10 Color Software -- End Notes -- Appendix A Correspondence Between Finite Elements and the Calculus -- A.1 Introduction -- A.2 Definition of the Derivative -- A.3 Definition of the Integral -- A.4 Integrals As Sums -- A.5 Sums over Solid Angles -- End Notes -- Appendix B Table of Physical and Mathematical Constants -- About the Author -- Index.