Cover -- Frontmatter -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Prologue: The Challenge -- Acknowledgments -- Author's Note on Discussion Boxes, Equations, and Concentration Units -- Part I: An Environmental Policy Primer -- 1. Scientific and Engineering Perspectives of Environmental Contaminants -- The Evolution and Progress of Environmental -- What Is a Contaminant? -- Understanding Policy by Understanding Science -- Connections and Interrelationships of Environmental Science -- Environmental Assessment and Intervention -- Introduction to Environmental Policy -- Urban Air Pollution -- Acid Deposition -- Protecting the Ozone Layer -- Water Quality Legislation -- Solid and Hazardous Wastes Laws -- Environmental Product and Consumer Protection Laws -- Notes and Commentary -- Part II: Fundamentals of Environmental Science and Engineering -- Introduction to Part II -- Importance of Physics in Environmental Contamination and Risk -- Importance of Chemistry in Environmental Contamination and Risk -- Importance of Biology in Environmental Contamination and Risk -- Beyond Basic Science -- 2. Fundamentals of Environmental Physics -- Principles and Concepts of Energy and Matter Important to the Environment -- Mass and Work -- Environmental Mechanics -- Notes and Commentary -- 3. Applied Contaminant Physics: Fluid Properties -- Physical Properties of Environmental Fluids -- Velocity -- Discharge and Flow -- Pressure -- Acceleration -- Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration -- Density -- Specific Gravity -- Notes and Commentary -- 4. Environmental Equilibrium, Partitioning, and Balances -- Fundamentals of Environmental Equilibria -- Solubility as a Physical and Chemical Phenomenon -- Intramolecular Bonds, Intermolecular Forces, and Molecular Dipole Moments -- Fluid Solubility/Density Relationships.

Environmental Thermodynamics -- The Environmental Mass Balance Reaction Term -- Notes and Commentary -- 5. Movement of Contaminants in the Environment -- Environmental Chemodymamics Models -- Selecting Units of Mass and Concentrations in Chemodynamics -- Fugacity, Z Values, and Henry's Law -- How Contaminants Move in the Environment -- Overall Effect of the Fluxes, Sinks, and Sources -- Combining Transport and Degradation Processes Using Half-Lives and Rate Constants -- Notes and Commentary -- 6. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry -- Basic Concepts of Environmental Chemistry -- Organic Chemistry -- Notes and Commentary -- 7. Chemical Reactions in the Environment -- Environmental Ionic Reactions -- Environmental Acid and Base Chemistry -- Precipitation Reactions in Environmental Engineering -- Oxidation-Reduction Reactions -- Biological Redox Reactions -- Environmental Metal Chemistry -- Notes and Commentary -- 8. Biological Principles of Environmental Contamination -- The Cell -- The "Bio" Terms -- Oxygen-Depleting Contaminants -- Biomarkers of Contaminants -- Accelerated Biodegradation: Bioremediation -- Biocriteria: A New Way to Determine Environmental Quality -- Notes and Commentary -- Part III: Contaminant Risk -- 9. Contaminant Hazards -- Environmental Toxicology -- Toxicity Testing -- Hazardous Waste Characteristics -- Bio-Effective Dose -- Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics -- Environmental Epidemiology -- Contaminant Groupings -- Carcinogens -- Chronic Noncancer Health Endpoints -- Environmental Endocrine Disruptors -- Neurotoxins -- Immunotoxins -- Ecological Toxicity -- Notes and Commentary -- 10. Contaminant Exposure and Risk Calculations -- Exposure Assessment -- Calculating Risk -- Applying Cancer Risk Calculations to Cleanup Levels -- Non-Cancer Hazard and Risk Calculations -- Comprehensive Risk Communication -- Notes and Commentary.

Part IV: Interventions to Address Environmental Contamination -- 11. Contaminant Sampling and Analysis -- Environmental Monitoring -- Laboratory Analysis -- Sources of Uncertainty -- Chemiluminescence and Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization (FISH): Monitoring the Magnitude of the Risks Associated with Environmental Contamination -- Integration of Monitoring Techniques: Chemiluminescence and Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) -- Notes and Commentary -- 12. Intervention: Managing the Risks of Environmental Contamination -- A Template for Cleaning Up Contaminants -- Characterizing Contaminants in the Environment -- Estimating Contaminant Migration -- Treatability Tests -- Contaminant Treatment and Control Approaches -- Thermal Processing: The Science, Engineering and Technology of Contaminant Destruction -- Microbiological Processing: The Science, Engineering, and Technology of Contaminant Biotreatment -- Hazardous Waste Storage Landfills: Examples of the Science, Engineering, and Technology of Long-Term Storage of Contaminated Media -- Siting -- Ex Situ and In Situ Treatment -- Notes and Commentary -- 13. Environmental Decisions and Professionalism -- Communicating Scientific Information -- Environmental Information Management -- Notes and Commentary -- 14. Epilogue: Benzene Metabolism Revisited -- The Sensitivity Analysis: An Important Step Beyond Stoichiometry -- Interdependencies between a Contaminant and a Substrate -- Notes and Commentary -- Glossary of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Terminology -- Notes and Commentary -- APPENDIX 1: Information Needed to Prepare Environmental Impact Statements -- APPENDIX 2: Safe Drinking Water Act Contaminants and Maximum Contaminant Levels -- National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations -- APPENDIX 3: Toxic Compounds Listed in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments -- APPENDIX 4: Physical Constants.

APPENDIX 5: Universal Constants -- APPENDIX 6: Constants Frequently Applied in the Physical Sciences -- APPENDIX 7: Periodic Table of Elements -- APPENDIX 8: Minimum Risk Levels for Chemicals -- APPENDIX 9: Physical Contaminants -- Notes and Commentary -- Index.