voltammogram. The first sweep is called the 'forward scan' and the return wave is called the 'reverse scan

carbon-oxygen double bond, leading to a cyclic transition state. The second step of the reaction involves an

‡, is the energy provided to the reactants to raise them to the transition state. Overall, for a

regioselectivity can be explained on the basis of steric and electronic factors. In the transition state, the

identify molecules by their Raman fingerprint. In solid-state physics it is used to characterize materials

sp-hybridized carbon making it unstable. The second mechanism avoids the formation of this carbocation. Instead

chloride ion-must orient anti to each other in the transition state to make the halohydrins cyclization

peroxide can be understood from the transition states. The transition state shows that the formation of the

diagram. In the case of an exothermic reaction, the transition state resembles the reactant species

. The reaction begins with the transfer of a pair of electrons from the alkene to the proton of the

is a corresponding increase in the oxidation state of the central species. Reagents and Mechanism A

, when the enantiomer passes through the transition state for inversion, the central nitrogen atom is sp2