Contents -- Notes on the contributors -- Abbreviations and glossing conventions -- Part I. Introductory and General -- 1. The study of semantic alignment: retrospect and state of the art -- 2. Semantic alignment systems: what's what, and what's not -- 3. Split intransitives, experiencer objects, and 'transimpersonal' constructions: (re-)establishing the connection -- 4. Thematic roles, event structure, and argument encoding in semantically aligned languages -- Part II. Eurasia -- 5. Why are stative-active languages rare in Eurasia? A typological perspective on split-subject marking -- 6. Losing semantic alignment: from Proto-Yeniseic to Modern Ket -- 7. Intransitive split in Tundra Nenets, or how much semantics can hide behind syntactic alignment -- 8. From ergative case marking to semantic case marking: the case of historical Basque -- Part III. The Pacific -- 9. The semantics of semantic alignment in eastern Indonesia -- 10. The rise and fall of semantic alignment in North Halmahera, Indonesia -- 11. Verb classification in Amis -- Part IV. The Americas -- 12. The emergence of agentive systems in core argument marking -- 13. Argument dereferentialization in Lakota -- 14. The emergence of active/stative alignment in Otomi -- 15. Voice and transitivity in Guaraní -- 16. Agreement in two Arawak languages: Baure and Kurripako -- 17. Affectedness and viewpoint in Pilagá (Guaykuruan): a semantically aligned case-marking system -- References -- Author index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Index of languages -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- W -- Y -- Z -- Index of terms -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.