Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Contents -- Part A: Introduction to Engineering -- 1. About Engineering Identifying a Framework -- 1.1 A Capsule History -- 1.2 Core of Engineering -- 1.3 Symbolic Notation and Engineering -- 1.4 Essential Components -- 1.5 Change and Engineering -- 1.5.1 Homogeneous Progressions -- 1.5.2 Heterogeneous Progressions -- 1.5.3 Primal Progression -- 1.5.4 Connectivity Progression -- 1.6 Engineering and Time -- Part B: History of Engineering -- 2. Prehistoric Engineering (~106 BP~104 BP) Primal Discovery of Devices -- 2.1 Early Humans -- 2.2 Invention of Tools -- 2.3 Discovery of Fire -- 2.4 Customs and Art -- 2.5 Shelter and Migration -- 2.6 Prehistory and Invention -- 2.7 Prehistoric Engineering: Discovery of Devices -- 3. Ancient Engineering (~8000 BCE~500 CE) Societal Interest in Devices -- 3.1 Human Practices -- 3.2 The Sumerians -- 3.3 Settlements and Civilizations -- 3.4 Structures and Symbols -- 3.5 Trade and Conflict -- 3.6 From Minoan to Roman Times -- 3.7 Tool/Device Development -- 3.7.1 Material-Use Evolution -- 3.7.2 Device-Use Fitness -- 3.8 Ancient Engineering: Societal Interest in Devices -- 4. Medieval Engineering (~500 CE~1400) Societal Promotion of Devices -- 4.1 Fragmented Landscape -- 4.2 Hagia Sophia -- 4.3 From Agriculture to Power Plants -- 4.4 Developments in Isolation -- 4.5 Religious Influence -- 4.6 Military Influence -- 4.7 Timekeeping -- 4.8 Consequences of Wind and Water -- 4.9 Changing Image of Engineering -- 4.10 Medieval Stimulation -- 4.11 Medieval Engineering: Societal Promotion of Devices -- 5. Renascent Engineering (~1400~1800) Organizing for Device Production -- 5.1 Renaissance and Engineering -- 5.2 Florence Dome -- 5.3 Movable-Type Printing -- 5.4 Oceanic Exploration -- 5.5 Intellectual Stimulation -- 5.6 Engineering Systematics -- 5.7 Regional Influences -- 5.8 Power of Steam.

5.9 Industrial Revolution: Technical and Commercial -- 5.9.1 Machine Engineering (<1650) -- 5.9.2 Mining Engineering (~1700) -- 5.9.3 Textile Engineering (~1730) -- 5.9.4 Structural Engineering (~1770) -- 5.9.5 Railroad Engineering (~1800) -- 5.9.6 Marine Engineering (~1830) -- 5.10 Industrial Revolution: Social and Demographic -- 5.11 Renascent Engineering: Organizing for Device Production -- 6. Expansive Engineering (~1800~1940) Environmental Impact of Devices -- 6.1 Progress and Engineering -- 6.2 Steam Railroad -- 6.3 Materials Processing -- 6.3.1 Hard Steel -- 6.3.2 Synthetic Dye -- 6.3.3 Vulcanized Rubber -- 6.3.4 Dynamite -- 6.3.5 Petroleum Products -- 6.4 Steam Shipping -- 6.5 Cardinal Transitions -- 6.5.1 Cardinal Artifact: The Turbine -- 6.5.2 Cardinal Method: Interchangeable Parts Manufacture -- 6.5.3 Cardinal Process: Synthetic Fertilizer Production -- 6.6 Automotive Transport -- 6.7 Electrification -- 6.8 Electrical Communication -- 6.8.1 Telegraphy -- 6.8.2 Telephony -- 6.8.3 Radio -- 6.8.4 Television -- 6.9 Air Transport -- 6.10 Heavy Industry -- 6.11 Synthetic Materials -- 6.12 Large Structures -- 6.13 Engineering Organizations -- 6.14 Expansive Engineering: Environmental Impact of Devices -- 7. Modern Engineering (~1940~1990) Expanding Reach of Devices -- 7.1 New Engineering Panoramas -- 7.1.1 The 1940s: Nuclear Energy -- 7.1.2 The 1950s: Computation and Computer -- 7.1.3 The 1960s: Outer Space -- 7.1.4 The 1970s: Diversity I -- 7.1.5 The 1980s: Diversity II -- 7.2 Changing Functions of Engineering -- 7.2.1 Scientific Model of Engineering -- 7.2.2 Military-Industry Stimulation -- 7.2.3 Global Industrial Expansion -- 7.3 Public Apprehensions -- 7.4 Modern Engineering: Expanded Reach of Devices -- 8. Contemporary Engineering (~1990~2000+) Prospects for Closure -- 8.1 Engineering of the Present -- 8.2 Continuing Device Evolution.

8.2.1 Continuing Device Diversity -- 8.2.2 Threshold Device Emergence -- 8.2.3 Apparent Device Decline -- 8.2.4 Continuing Device Uncertainties -- 8.3 Shifting Design Criteria -- 8.3.1 Preservation of Nature -- 8.3.2 Conservation of Resources -- 8.3.3 Legislated Public Consultation -- 8.4 Emerging Foci -- 8.4.1 Matter-Energy Efficiency -- 8.4.2 Industrial Ecology -- 8.4.3 On the Primacy of Development -- 8.5 Contemporary Engineering: Prospects for Closure -- Part C: Contemporary Context of Engineering -- 9. Nature: Emergence and Implications N(t) . E(t).· · · -- 9.1 Nature: N(t) -- 9.2 Nucleons and Atoms: Astronomical Basis -- 9.2.1 Big Bang -- 9.2.2 Early Universe -- 9.2.3 Nucleosynthesis -- 9.2.4 The Sun -- 9.2.5 Nucleons, Atoms, and Engineering -- 9.3 Elements and Aggregates: Terrestrial Basis -- 9.3.1 Composition -- 9.3.2 Nuclear Effects -- 9.3.3 Geo-Processes -- 9.3.4 Elements, Aggregates, and Engineering -- 9.4 Monomers and Polymers: Molecular Basis -- 9.4.1 Combinatorics -- 9.4.2 Build-up -- 9.4.3 Catalysis -- 9.4.4 Monomers, Polymers, and Engineering -- 9.5 Cells and Biota: Biological Basis -- 9.5.1 Bio-Populations -- 9.5.2 Cell Details -- 9.5.3 Infection -- 9.5.4 Applied Biology -- 9.5.5 Biota, Cells, and Engineering -- 9.6 Precursors to Engineering -- 9.7 Nature and Human Response -- 10. Engineering: Patterns and Specializations N(t) . E(t) . D(t).· · · -- 10.1 Embryonic Forces -- 10.2 Organizational Features -- 10.2.1 Engineering Education -- 10.2.2 Engineering Profession -- 10.2.3 Engineering Classifications -- 10.2.4 Retrospective on Classification -- 10.3 Diversity in Engineering -- 10.3.1 Niche Identification -- 10.3.2 Continuation by Reduction -- 10.3.3 Specialization by Division -- 10.3.4 Integration by Selection -- 10.3.5 Detailed Wrinkles -- 10.4 Natural Resources -- 10.4.1 Non-renewable Resources Depletion.

10.4.2 Metal and Minerals -- 10.5 Renewable Resource Projections -- 10.6 Devices and the Engineer -- 10.6.1 Knowledge About Devices -- 10.6.2 Origin of Devices -- 10.7 Stimulating Invention/Innovation -- 10.7.1 Eureka Occurrence -- 10.7.2 Creation Process -- 10.7.3 Brainstorming -- 10.7.4 Permutation Choices -- 10.8 Intellectual Property -- 10.8.1 Patents -- 10.8.2 Copyrights -- 10.8.3 Trade Secrets -- 10.8.4 Trademarks -- 10.9 Engineering Bounds -- 10.10 Professional Ethics -- 11. Devices: Properties and Functions · · ·.E(t) . D(t) . S(t).· · · -- 11.1 Basics of Devices -- 11.1.1 Devices: Simplicity and Complexity in Space and Time -- 11.1.2 Devices: Success, Failure, and Precariousness -- 11.1.3 Devices: Users and Converters of Energy -- 11.2 Pluralism of Device Functions -- 11.2.1 Device Disturbances -- 11.2.2 Device Ambiguity -- 11.2.3 Device Misuse -- 11.2.4 Device Inequity -- 11.2.5 Device Failure -- 11.3 In-Use Failure -- 11.3.1 Cycle-of-Life Failure -- 11.3.2 Severity-of-Impact Failure -- 11.3.3 Event Trees -- 11.4 Human Error -- 11.4.1 Minor Errors -- 11.4.2 Transparent Errors -- 11.4.3 Complex-Linkage Errors -- 11.5 Forecasting -- 11.5.1 Trend Analysis -- 11.5.2 Scenario Planning -- 11.5.3 Reasoning by Analogy -- 11.5.4 Delphi Technique -- 11.5.5 Dynamical Analysis -- 11.5.6 Complex Dynamics -- 12. Society: Involvement and Ramifications · · ·.D(t) . S(t) . R(t) -- 12.1 Societal Interest -- 12.2 Risk and Safety -- 12.2.1 Quantitative Assessment -- 12.2.2 Qualitative Evaluation -- 12.3 Group Perspectives -- 12.3.1 Technocratic -- 12.3.2 Luddite -- 12.3.3 Apocalyptic -- 12.3.4 Cautionary -- 12.4 Device Rejection -- 12.5 Market Penetration Trajectories -- 12.6 Logistic Market Dynamics -- 12.6.1 Logistic Dynamics -- 12.6.2 Substitution Dynamics -- 12.7 Population Dynamics -- 12.7.1 Population Dynamics -- 12.7.2 Projections: Constant Coef.cients.

12.7.3 Projections: Time-Dependent Coef.cient -- 12.8 Commercialization and Wealth -- 12.8.1 Devices and Commercialization -- 12.8.2 Devices andWealth -- 12.9 Peculiar Imbalance -- 13. Repository: Inventory and Projections · · ·.S(t) . R(t) -- 13.1 Material Metabolism -- 13.2 Repository Inflow -- 13.2.1 Extraction -- 13.2.2 Manufacturing -- 13.2.3 Societal Usage -- 13.2.4 Numerical Estimations -- 13.3 Repository Outflow -- 13.3.1 Reuse Destinations: -- 13.3.2 Recycle Destinations: -- 13.3.3 Return Destinations: -- 13.3.4 Retain Destinations: -- 13.3.5 Restoration Programs: -- 13.3.6 The Multiple-R Maxim -- 13.4 Repository Stockpile Projections -- 13.4.1 Beginning of Repository Accumulations: 0 = t t2 -- 13.5 Engineering: Imagination at Work -- Appendices -- Appendix A Symbolic Notation -- Appendix B Time Coordinates -- Appendix C Ancient Inventions -- Appendix D Cyclic Representations -- Appendix E Bibliography -- Index -- About the Authors.