Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Images -- Political Worlds of Women: Introduction -- Strategies of Political Analysis -- Comparative Assessment -- Multilevel Analysis -- Feminist Theorizing in Context -- Tracing Historical Change -- Expanding Political Frames -- From Individual and Institutional Analysis to Structures of Oppression -- Chapter Overview -- I. Political Leadership, Gendered Institutions, and the Politics of Exclusion -- Women in Executive Offices -- Women in National Legislatures -- Explaining Women's Continuing Absence -- Gendered Institutions and teh Politics of Exclusion: Historical Precedents -- Body Politics in the American and French Revolutions -- The Consolidation of Separate Spheres -- Political Parties and the Politics of Exclusion: Contemporary Practices -- Conclusion -- II. From Demography to Development: Women's Worlds and the Politics of Knowledge -- Global Gender Demographics -- Life Expectancy -- Gender Ratios -- Marriage and Divorce -- Pregnancy and Childbearing -- Women's Labor -- Migration -- War and Displacement -- Development -- Modernization Theory as Policy Practice -- Gender and Gendering in Development Policies -- Women and Development: Reproduction and "Welfare" -- Women in Development: The Virtues of Waged Labor in the Formal Sector -- Gender and Development -- Sustainable Development -- Conclusion -- III. Producing Raced-Gendered Citizens -- Liberty, Equality, and Citizenship: Classical Liberal Presumptions -- The Political Demarcation of Public and Private Spheres -- Producing Raced-Gendered Citizens -- Birthright and Its Suspension -- Miscegenation Laws: Crafting the Complexion of Citizens -- Immigration -- The Discursive Production of Raced-Gendered Citizens -- Welfare Policy -- Biopower -- Conclusion -- IV. From the Politics of Identity to Identity Politics.

Dispelling Cariactures of Identity Politics -- The Politics of Identity -- The Microphysics of Power: Regulating Dress -- Patrolling National Borders: Marriage and Reproduction -- Reproducing Servility -- Sexual Terror as Feminizing Practice -- Femicide -- Making Injustice Visible and Actionable -- Identity Politics -- Struggling for Visibility -- Expanding the National Imaginary -- Challenging Political Homophobia -- Securing Constitutional Rights and Recognition -- Transnational Strategies for Sexual Democracy -- Conclusion -- V. Engaging the State -- Competing Conceptions of the State -- The Struggle for Equal Citizenship -- The Quest for Equality in the United States -- Activism and Advocacy in Comparitive Perspective -- Women's Movements and Democratization in Latin America -- Women's Movement Activism at the Grassroots in India -- Feminist Civil Society: From Interest Groups to NGOs -- NGOs in Postsocialist States -- The European Women's Lobby: Coordinating Gender Equality Initiatives -- Engaging the State in Africa: From Apartheid to teh War on Terror -- Mobilizing for Equality in South Africa -- Engaging the State in Morocco -- Conclusion -- VI. Becoming the State -- Potraits of Women Heads of State -- Routes to Power: From Kinship to Quotas -- Political Parties and the Gender Politics of Partisanship -- Strategies to Limit Male Dominance -- Reserved Seats -- Voluntary Party Quotas -- Mandatory Quotas -- Challenges in Governing: Gender Politics in Office -- Obstacles Confronting Women in Political Office -- Conclusion -- VII. Promoting Equality Through Policymaking and Policy -- Equality Policies: From Women's Machinery to State Feminism -- Women's Policy Machinery -- State Feminism -- Policy Interventions: Violence Against Women -- Brazil's Delegacia da Mulher (Women's Police Station) -- Family Courts in India -- Gender Mainstreaming.

Comparative Approaches to Gender Mainstreaming -- The Politics of Equality -- Conclusion -- VIII. International and Transnational Political Activism -- Activism Within International Institutions -- The UN Commission on the Status of Women and CEDAW -- UN World Conferences and NGO Forums -- UN Women -- Transnational Activism: Preventing War by Reconceptualizing Peace -- Early Twentieth-Century Interventions -- Promoting Peace in the Contemporary Era -- Expanding the Framework of Peace Activism -- Everyday Peacemaking -- Conclusion -- IX. Virtual Politics -- The Technological Infrastructure for Virtual Politics -- New Media and the Politics of Mobilization -- Flash Mobs -- Networking -- Blogging -- Information Politics -- Peer-to-Peer Exchanges -- New Media, Electoral Politics, and Political Participation: Evidence from the United States -- Inclusion and Exclusion in Virtual Politics -- The Microphysics of Power Within the Profession -- The Politics of Representation and the Content of New Media -- North/South Inequities -- Gendered Genres in New Media -- Refiguring the Public and the Private -- Conclusion -- X. Political Worlds of Women: Future Prospects -- Prospects for Equitable Politics -- Obstacles -- Gendered States, Subordinating Practices -- Stereotyping and Bias in Evaluation -- Norms Grounded in Men's Experience -- Frames That Mask Raced-Gendered Power -- Economic Practices That Fuel Inequality -- Resistance and Reaction -- Fundamentalist Offensives -- Future Prospects -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.