Table of Contents -- Foreword -- About the Authors -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter I. Introduction to International Law -- A. The Foundations of International Law -- B. Sources: What Is International Law? -- 1. Treaties -- 2. Customary International Law -- 3. General Principles of Law -- 4. "Soft Law" -- C. Some Basic Principles of International Law -- 1. Sovereignty -- 2. Cooperation -- 3. Common Concern of Humanity -- 4. Common Heritage of Mankind -- D. The Relationship Between International Law and Domestic Law -- E. Making International Law Work: Compliance and Enforcement -- 1. State Responsibility -- 2. Strict Liability -- Chapter II. The Development of International Environmental Law -- A. The Beginnings to the Stockholm Conference -- B. From Stockholm to Rio -- C. The Impact of the Rio Conference -- D. The World Conference on Sustainable Development (WSSD) -- Chapter III. International Actors and Stakeholders -- A. States and State Authorities -- B. International Organizations -- 1. Global Institutions -- 2. Regional Organizations -- 3. Subregional and Bilateral Organizations -- 4. International Financial Institutions -- C. The Private Sector -- D. Public Interest Organizations -- Chapter IV. Multilateral Environmental Agreements -- A. Negotiations -- B. Structure -- C. Common Provisions and Characteristics of MEAs -- D. Treaty Bodies and Their Functions -- E. Compliance Procedures -- F. Dispute Settlement -- 1. Forum Selection -- 2. Choice of Law -- Chapter V. Common (Customary?) Legal Principles -- A. Substantive Principles -- 1. Prevention of Harm -- 2. Precaution -- 3. The "Polluter Pays" Principle -- 4. Sustainable Development -- B. Principles of Process -- 1. Duty to Know -- 2. Duty to Inform and Consult -- 3. Public Participation -- C. Equitable Principles -- 1. Intergenerational Equity.

2. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities -- 3. Equitable Utilization of Shared Resources -- D. Conclusions -- Chapter VI. Common Legal Requirements and Implementing Measures -- A. Internationally Mandated Domestic Laws and Policies -- 1. Prior Assessment of Activities -- a. EIA -- b. Risk Assessment -- c. Strategic Environmental Evaluation -- 2. Regulatory Measures -- a. Standard-Setting -- b. Restrictions and Prohibitions -- c. Land Use Regulation -- d. Licensing -- 3. Economic Measures -- 4. National Enforcement -- a. Civil Liability -- b. Penal Law -- B. Interstate Measures -- 1. Trade Restrictions -- 2. Prior Informed Consent Procedures -- 3. Aid and Financial Conditionality -- Chapter VII. The Substance of International Environmental Law -- A. Freshwaters -- 1. Overview -- 2. General Rules -- B. Atmosphere, Stratosphere, and Climate -- 1. Overview -- 2. International Efforts to Control Air Pollution -- 3. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Global Climate Change -- a. Ozone Depletion -- b. Climate Change -- C. Biological Diversity -- 1. The Convention on Biological Diversity -- 2. Other Biodiversity Treaties -- 3. Treaties Addressing Specific Threats to Biodiversity -- 4. Agreements Concerning Specific Species -- D. Marine Environment -- 1. Historical Evolution -- 2. UNCLOS: Rights and Duties of States in Maritime Areas -- a. Flag State Jurisdiction -- b. Port State Jurisdiction -- c. Coastal State Jurisdiction -- 3. Comprehensive Regional Treaties -- 4. Regulating Sources of Pollution -- a. Vessel Source Pollution -- b. Exploration and Exploitation of the Seabed -- c. Land-Based Pollution -- d. Emergencies -- E. Hazardous Substances and Wastes -- 1. Chemicals -- 2. Wastes -- 3. Nuclear Materials -- 4. Biotechnology -- Chapter VIII. Environmental Protection in Other Subject Areas of International Law -- A. Regional Economic Integration.

1. The European Union -- a. The Treaty Framework -- b. Institutions -- c. Environmental Laws in the EU -- i. Air Pollution -- ii. Freshwaters -- iii. Hazardous Substances and Activities -- iv. Noise Pollution -- 2. Other Regional Economic Integration Efforts -- B. Human Rights -- C. Trade and Investment -- 1. GATT/WTO -- 2. NAFTA -- D. Military Materials and Activities -- 1. Customary and Treaty Law of Armed Conflict -- 2. Claims for Environmental Damages in Armed Conflict -- 3. Advisory Opinions and Judgments of the International Court of Justice -- 4. Environmental Security and Conflict Prevention -- Conclusions -- Appendix A: Select Bibliography and Internet Sites -- Appendix B: Multilateral Environmental Agreements -- Appendix C: Glossary -- Index.