World report on road traffic injury prevention.
Başlık:
World report on road traffic injury prevention.
Yazar:
Peden, Margie.
ISBN:
9789240681798
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 online resource (252 pages)
İçerik:
Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Corrigenda -- Chapter 1. The fundamentals -- Introduction -- A public health concern -- Road deaths, disability and injury -- The social and economic costs of road traffic injuries -- Changing fundamental perceptions -- The predictability and preventability of road crash injury -- The need for good data and a scientific approach -- Road safety as a public health issue -- Road safety as a social equity issue -- Systems that accommodate human error -- Systems that account for the vulnerability of the human body -- Technology transfer from high-income countries -- The new model -- A systems approach -- Developing institutional capacity -- Achieving better performance -- Shared responsibility -- Setting targets -- Partnerships in the public and private sectors -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. The global impact -- Introduction -- Sources of data -- Magnitude of the problem -- Global estimates -- Regional distribution -- Country estimates -- Trends in road traffic injuries -- Global and regional trends -- Trends in selected countries -- Projections and predictions -- Motorization, development and road traffic injury -- Profile of people affected by road traffic injuries -- Types of road user -- Occupational road traffic injuries -- Sex and age -- Socioeconomic status and location -- Other health, social and economic impacts -- Health and social impacts -- Economic impact -- Data and evidence for road traffic injury prevention -- Why collect data and build evidence on road traffic injuries? -- Sources and types of data -- Data linkages -- Analysis of data -- Data issues and concerns -- Other issues -- Limitations of the data sources used in this chapter -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3. Risk factors -- Introduction.
Factors influencing exposure to risk -- Rapid motorization -- Demographic factors -- Transport, land use and road network planning -- Increased need for travel -- Choice of less safe forms of travel -- Risk factors influencing crash involvement -- Speed -- Pedestrians and cyclists -- Young drivers and riders -- Alcohol -- Medicinal and recreational drugs -- Driver fatigue -- Hand-held mobile telephones -- Inadequate visibility -- Road-related factors -- Vehicle-related risk factors -- Risk factors influencing injury severity -- Lack of in-vehicle crash protection -- Non-use of crash helmets by two-wheeled vehicle users -- Non-use of seat-belts and child restraints in motor vehicles -- Roadside objects -- Risk factors influencing post-crash injury outcome -- Pre-hospital factors -- Hospital care factors -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. Interventions -- A road traffic system designed for safe, sustainable use -- Managing exposure to risk through transport and land-use policies -- Reducing motor vehicle traffic -- Encouraging use of safer modes of travel -- Minimizing exposure to high-risk scenarios -- Shaping the road network for road injury prevention -- Safety-awareness in planning road networks -- Incorporating safety features into road design -- Remedial action at high-risk crash sites -- Providing visible, crash-protective, "smart" vehicles -- Improving the visibility of vehicles -- Crash-protective vehicle design -- "Intelligent" vehicles -- Setting and securing compliance with key road safety rules -- Setting and enforcing speed limits -- Setting and enforcing alcohol impairment laws -- Medicinal and recreational drugs -- Drivers' hours of work in commercial and public transport -- Cameras at traffic lights -- Setting and enforcing seat-belt and child restraint use -- Setting and enforcing mandatory crash helmet use.
The role of education, information and publicity -- Delivering post-crash care -- Chain of help for patients injured in road crashes -- Pre-hospital care -- The hospital setting -- Rehabilitation -- Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5. Conclusions and recommendations -- Main messages from the report -- Recommended actions -- Conclusion -- Statistical annex -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.
Özet:
Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Men, women or children walking, biking or riding to school or work, playing in the streets or setting out on long trips, will never return home, leaving behind shattered families and communities. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. The World Health Organization and the World Bank have jointly produced this World report on road traffic injury prevention. Its purpose is to present a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. The document is the outcome of a collaborative effort by institutions and individuals. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors - including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society - have worked to produce the report. Road traffic injuries are a growing public health issue, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups of road users, including the poor. But road traffic crashes and injuries are preventable. Road traffic injury prevention must be incorporated into a broad range of activities, such as the development and management of road infrastructure, mobility planning, the provision of health and hospital services, child welfare services, and urban and environmental planning. The health sector is an important partner in this process. Its roles are to strengthen the evidence base, provide appropriate pre-hospital and hospital care and rehabilitation, conduct advocacy, and contribute to the implementation and evaluation of interventions. The time to act is now. Road safety
is no accident. It requires strong political will and concerted, sustained efforts across a range of sectors. Acting now will save lives.
Notlar:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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