Table of Contents -- Series Editor's Preface -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Table of Treaties Instruments and Declarations -- Chapter 1 The Impact of Human Uses on the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction -- A. Introduction -- B. The Physical Characteristics of the Open Ocean and Deep Seabed Environments -- 1. Marine Biological Divisions of the Ocean -- 2. Biogeographic Divisions of the Ocean -- 3. Seafloor Topography -- C. Deep Sea Habitats -- 1. Seamounts -- 2. Hydrothermal Vents -- 3. Cold Seeps and Pockmarks -- 4. Deep Sea Trenches -- 5. Deep Sea Coral Reefs -- D. Threats to the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction from Human Activities -- 1. Threats Associated with Marine Living Resource Exploitation -- 2. Threats Associated with Marine Transport -- 3. Threats Associated with Deep Seabed Mining -- 4. Threats Associated with Bioprospecting and Marine Scientific Research -- 5. Threats Associated with Climate Change Mitigation Activities -- E. Conclusion -- Chapter 2 Chapter The Law 2 of the Sea Convention Framework for Regulating Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- A. Introduction -- B. The High Seas Regime -- 1. Invalidity of Sovereign Claims over the High Seas -- 2. Freedoms of the High Seas -- 3. Flag State Jurisdiction -- 4. Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas -- C. The Seabed Beyond National Jurisdiction -- D. Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment -- 1. General Provisions -- 2. Global and Regional Cooperation in Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 3. Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring -- 4. Prescriptive Jurisdiction over Pollution of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 5. Enforcement Jurisdiction over Pollution of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction -- E. Conclusion.

Chapter 3 Developing Complementary Principles for Regulating the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction -- A. Introduction -- B. Establishing a Framework for Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment -- 1. Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment -- C. Integrated and Ecosystem Based Management of the Marine Environment -- 1. World Conservation Strategy - IUCN/UNEP/WWF Report 1980 -- 2. Our Common Future - Brundtland Report 1987 -- 3. Caring for the Earth - A Strategy for Sustainable Living - IUCN/UNEP/WWF Report, 1991 -- 4. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), 1992 -- 5. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992 -- 6. World Summit on Sustainable Development - Johannesburg 2002 -- D. Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Sectoral Implementation of Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction - Marine Living Resource Exploitation and Maritime Transport -- A. Introduction -- B. The Exploitation of Marine Living Resources Beyond National Jurisdiction - Regulatory Framework for Environmental Protection -- 1. 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement -- 2. FAO Code for Responsible Fisheries, 1995 -- 3. FAO High Seas Compliance Agreement, 1993 -- 4. Regional Fisheries Management Organizations -- 5. Overall Assessment of RFMO Performance in relation to Protection of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction -- C. Maritime Transport Beyond National Jurisdiction - Environmental Regulation -- 1. Vessel Source Pollution -- 2. Invasive Aquatic Species in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 3. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas -- 4. The Effectiveness of the Maritime Transport Framework for Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- Chapter 5 Sectoral Implementation of Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction - Deep Seabed Mining.

A. Introduction -- B. ISA Regulations on Prospecting and Exploration for Polymetallic Nodules in the Area -- 1. Polymetallic Nodule Environmental Guidelines and State Practice in Complying with Polymetallic Nodules Regulations -- C. Draft ISA Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Polymetallic Sulphides and Ferromanganese Cobalt Rich Crusts (PSFCRC Regulations) -- D. Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Regional Implementation of Environmental Protection in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- A. Introduction -- B. UNEP Regional Seas Conventions and their Application to Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 1. Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and ?Environment ?of ?the ?South ?Pacific ?Region ?(Noumea ?Convention) -- 2. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona Convention) -- 3. Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (Cartagena Convention) -- 4. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and ?Coastal?Areas?of?the?South?East?Pacific?(Lima ?Convention) -- C. Non UNEP Regional Marine Environmental Protection Regimes and their Application to Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 1. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic (OSPAR Convention) -- 2. Integrated Protection of the Antarctic Marine Environment -- D. Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Chapter International 7 Initiatives to Strengthen the Environmental Protection Framework for Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction 207 A. Introduction -- B. Current International Discussions on the Protection of the Marine Environment Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 1. United Nations Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS) -- 2. BBNJ Working Group.

3. Convention on Biological Diversity Conference of the Parties (CBD COP) -- 4. FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) -- 5. IUCN High Seas Governance for the 21st Century Workshop -- C. Options for Strengthening the Environmental Protection Framework for Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 1. Soft Law Declaration of Oceans Governance Principles for Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 2. Global Binding Instruments to Strengthen Environmental Protection Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 3. Regional Agreements -- D. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.