FOOD CHAINS NEW RESEARCH -- FOOD CHAINS NEW RESEARCH -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CIGUATERA SHELLFISH POISONING (CSP): A NEW ECOTOXICOLOGICAL PHENOMENON FROM CYANOBACTERIA TO HUMANS VIA GIANT CLAMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Epidemiological Surveys -- 2.1.1. Lifou (Hunëtë tribe) -- 2.1.2. Emao -- 2.1.3. Raivavae -- 2.2. Examination of Toxic Cyanobacteria -- 2.2.1. Sampling -- 2.2.2. Microscopy and Taxonomic Identification of Cyanobacteria -- 2.3. Extraction and Preparation of Toxic Extracts -- 2.3.1. Cyanobacteria -- 2.3.2. Giant Clams -- 2.3.3. Fishes -- 2.4. Mouse Bioassay (MBA) -- 2.5. Neuroblastoma Cytotoxicity Assay (NCA) -- 2.6. Receptor Binding Assay (RBA) -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Population Interviews -- 3.1.1. Lifou -- 3.1.2. Emao -- 3.1.3. Raivavae -- 3.2. Environmental Observations -- 3.2.1. Lifou -- 3.2.2. Emao -- 3.2.3. Raivavae -- 3.2.3.1. Rairua Bay Area -- 3.2.3.2 "Motu De La Femme" Area -- 3.2.3.3. "Motu Piscine" Area -- 3.3. Toxicological Analysis of Lipid-Soluble Extracts -- 3.3.1. MBA -- a - Cyanobacteria -- b - Giant Clams -- 3.3.2. NCA -- a - Cyanobacteria -- b - Giant Clams -- c - Fish -- 3.3.3. RBA -- a - Cyanobacteria -- b - Giant Clams -- c - Fish -- 3.4. Toxicological Analysis of Water-Soluble Extracts -- 4. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 SURVIVAL DOMAIN OF THE TOP-PREDATOR IN LATTICE ECOSYSTEM -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHAT IS THE LATTICE MODEL? -- Lattice Model -- Actual Progress of Study -- 3. TOP-PREDATOR DEATH RATE CHANGE SYSTEM -- Model and Method -- Mean Field Theory (MFT) -- Simulation Algorism -- Results of Simulations -- Survival Domain -- Discussions -- 4. PY-TYP AND PA-TYP -- Model -- MFT -- Simulation Algorism -- Simulation Results PY-TYP -- PY-TYP Local Behaviour.

PY-TYP Global Behaviour -- PA-TYPE -- PA-TYP Local Behaviour -- PA-TYP Global Behaviour -- Spatial Analysis -- Discussions -- 5. BOTTOM-PREY DEATH LATE CHANGE SYSTEM -- Simulation Results -- Survival Domain -- Local Population Dynamics -- Global Population Dynamics -- Special Pattern -- Discussions -- 6. TOP-PREDATION AND -EXPLOITATION -- Model -- MFT -- Simulation Algorism -- Results -- Top's Behavior -- Population Dynamics -- Spatial Pattern -- Discussions -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 CONTAMINANTS IN THE SOIL CAN ACCUMULATE INTO THE VEGETABLES AND TRANSLOCATE INTO OUR ORGANISM THROUGH THE FOOD CHAIN -- INTRODUCTION -- Metal Absorption by Plants -- Metal Bioavailability -- Plants Response to Heavy Metal Stress -- Mechanisms Involved in Heavy Metal Absorption -- Determination of Trace Element Translocation -- Metal Uptake of Forage Plants -- Arsenic, Chromium, Lead and Cobalt -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Tests -- Soil Sampling Procedure -- Metal Concentrations -- Plant Species -- Medicago Sativa -- Trifolium incarnatum L. -- Test Procedure -- Analytical Methods -- Metal Concentrations Determination -- RESULTS -- Plants Germination and Growth -- Metal Concentrations -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCE LIST -- Chapter 4 AZOREAN TRADITIONAL CHEESEMAKING: A CASE STUDY PERTAINING TO A UNIQUE FOOD CHAIN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OVERALL SOCIO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF DAIRY FOOD CHAIN -- 4. QUALITY OF MILK AND TRADITIONAL CHEESE TECHNOLOGY -- 3.1. Sanitary Conditions -- 3.2. Traditional Practices -- 3.3. Cheesemaking Protocols -- 3.4. Natural Whey Starters -- 4. MICROBIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND SAFETY THROUGHOUT RIPENING -- 4.1. Microbiological Profiles -- 4.2. Microbiological Safety -- 4.3. Physico-Chemical and Biochemical Profiles.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF TAILOR-MADE STARTER CULTURE -- FINAL REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 EVIDENCES OF TROPHIC INTERACTIONS ON HOLOCENE OSTRACOD POPULATIONS OF SOUTHWESTERN SPAIN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STUDY AREA -- 3. METHODOLOGY -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Hole Frequency -- 4.2. Location and Number of Drill Holes -- 4.3. Types of Drill Holes -- 4.4. Drill Hole Diameter vs Prey Size -- 4.5. Drill Hole Diameter vs Environment -- 4.6. Predation and Ontogeny -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 ARSENIC EXPOSURE THROUGH THE FOOD CHAIN -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Occurrence of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds -- Occurrence f Organic Arsenic Compounds -- ARSENIC METABOLISM -- Absorption -- Distribution -- Metabolism -- Excretion -- ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ARSENIC: ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- Acute Toxicity -- Chronic Toxicity -- Toxicity of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds -- Toxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds -- ARSENIC IN THE FOOD CHAIN -- Arsenic Content in Water -- Arsenic Content in Cereals and Vegetables -- Arsenic Content in Animal Products -- Arsenic Content in Seafood -- Arsenic Intake by Food -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.