Contents -- Introduction -- 1. The Enlightenment and Euro- American Theories of the Judicial Process 13Enlightened Retribution and Utilitarianism -- The Rational Ideal Type and Orientalism -- Whose Conscience is the Collective Conscience under Colonialism? -- From the Micro- Physics of Power to the Bifurcation Thesis -- 2. From Determinism to Meaning: The Emergence of the Labelling Perspective -- Theoretical and Historical Background -- Symbolic Interactionism -- Phenomenology and Labelling -- The Power to Name as a Focus -- An Assessment of the Labelling Perspective -- 3. From Societal Reaction to Questions of Power: From Labelling to Radical Criminology -- From the Symbolic to the Structural -- Back to Classical Marxism -- Practical Implications -- A Critique of Critical Criminology -- What is New about New Realism? -- Realism, Neoclassicism and Sociological Determinism -- The Examples of Counter- Colonial Crminology -- 4. Feminist Perspectives and Critical Criminology 63Feminist Empiricism -- Standpoint Feminism -- Postmodern Feminism -- 5. Lesbian Rape: Maternal Metaphors for the Patriarchal State and International Conflict Resolution -- The Literature of Rape -- The Sisters Do It for Themselves -- 6. Poststructuralism and Positivism in Criminological Theory -- 7. Social Fiction Sui Generis : The Fairy Tale Structure of Criminological Theory 103Tensions between Facticity and Validity 103The Murder of Reality -- The Fictional Character of Criminological Theory -- 8. Executive Lawlessness and the Struggle for Democracy in Africa 113What is Crime and What is Punishment? -- Democracy, Law and Order as Organised Violence -- Realism, Authoritarianism and Decolonisation -- Democracy as Redress for Victimised Society -- 9. Radical Criminology in African Literature -- The Problem of Crime -- What is Crime and What Causes Crime?.

How is Law Related to Society? -- How Should Society Respond to Offending Behaviour? 153Discussion and Conclusion -- 10. Committed Objectivity in Race Class Gender Research -- Race Class Gender Identity in Research -- Objectivity is not Positionlessness 163The Example of the Institute of Race Relations -- What is Committed Objectivity? -- 11. How Scientific is Criminal Justice? A Methodological Critique of Research on McCleskey v. Kemp and Other Capital Cases 173The Case of McCleskey -- Investigation and Adjudication as Research -- Science has No Room for Finality -- A Scientific Argument Against the Death Penalty -- A Critique of Criminological Research on the Death Penalty -- Mumia Abu- Jamal: Another Ken Saro- Wiwa? -- Conclusion: How Scientific are Criminal Justice Sciences? -- 12. What is Institutionalised? The Race Class Gender Articulation of Stephen Lawrence -- The Sociology of Institutionalisation -- Institutionalised Racism Sexism Classism -- A Letter from Harlem -- Windrush : A Law and Social Justice Workshop -- Conclusion -- 13. Criminal Records: The Toughest, the Police and the Thieves: The Policing of Peter Tosh and Popular Culture -- Everyone is talking about crime, crime, tell me who are the criminals Tosh -- I am wanted dred and alive, no place to hide Tosh -- Get up stand up, stand up for your rights Tosh and Marley -- Conclusion: Groundings -- Conclusion: Beyond Criminological Orientalism -- Bibliography -- Index -- Abacha, General Sani, -- 187-8 -- 222 -- Abbott, D. -- 8 -- 142 -- Aboriginal Australian -- 5 -- 60 -- men, 241 -- men, 246 -- youth, 239 -- abortion 47 -- absolutism 27 -- Abu-Jamal, Mumia -- 173 -- 187-90 -- accountability 138 -- Achebe -- 7 -- 11-12 -- 38 -- 62 -- 145 -- 221 -- 228 -- Acton, Lord 30 -- adjudication 23 -- administrative criminology,hypocrisy of 47-8 -- adults 51.

Africa -- 11 -- 41 -- 49 -- 60 -- 133 -- 138 -- 230 -- 246 -- cultural unity of, 241 -- rape of, 77 -- scramble for, 62 -- universities in, 8-9 -- Africa World Review 116 -- African American classic 39 -- African American men -- 193 -- 241 -- African American students 44 -- African Americans -- 4 -- 34 -- 38 -- 191 -- 231 -- 239 -- African creative writers 229 -- African cultures 240 -- African descent -- 11 -- 191 -- African Diaspora -- 11 -- 241 -- African Fractals -- 238 -- 245 -- African holocaust 246 -- African intellectuals 71 -- African literature -- 61 -- 140-2 -- African people 224 -- African saying 115-16 -- African-American criminologists 7 -- Africans -- 4 -- 83 -- 88 -- 207 -- 244 -- enslaved, 14-15 -- Africentrism 241 -- Afro-Americans 191 -- Agbo, Simeon 189 -- Agozino, Biko -- 19 -- 26 -- 38 -- 91 -- 112 -- 134 -- 162-3 -- 170 -- 186 -- 192 -- 199-200 -- 206 -- 216-17 -- 231 -- 236-9 -- trifurcation, 126 -- trifurcation, 128 -- Aguda, Justice, T.A. 133 -- Ahire, Phillip 143 -- Aidoo, Ama Ata -- 72 -- 149 -- Ake, Claude 1 -- Albanese, J.S. 185 -- Algeria -- 40 -- 138 -- Alldridge, Peter 179-80 -- Allen, Hilary 65 -- Alschuler, A.W. 191 -- Althusser, Louis 52 -- Amadiume, Ifi -- 72 -- 81 -- America -- threatened boycott of congress -- 9 -- 17 -- 29 -- 34 -- 144 -- American dream 29 -- American Flag 237 -- American revolutionaries 136 -- American students 69 -- American universities 9 -- American war of independence 43 -- Americans on death row 185 -- Americas, the 138 -- Amery, Colin, The Rape of Britain 75 -- Amin, Samir -- 119 -- 230 -- Amnesty International -- 90 -- 189 -- anarchists 51-2 -- ANC 58 -- Angelou, Maya 84 -- angle of deviation 233 -- Angola 40 -- animal kingdom 11-12 -- anomie 42 -- anthropology -- 12 -- critique of colonial, 69 -- anthropometry 34 -- anti-apartheid activists 130 266.

anti-colonial literature 61 -- anti-colonial struggles -- 7 -- 9-10 -- 44 -- anti-imperialist 7 -- anti-racism 49 -- anti-racist education 165 -- anti-Semitism -- 20 -- 203 -- anti-sexism 49 -- anti-Vietnam war protests 41 -- apartheid -- 22 -- 61 -- 72 -- 119 -- 132 -- 137-8 -- 230 -- resistance to, 70 -- Apartheid Pass Laws 8 -- apes 25 -- Appiah, Anthony 241 -- Archer, P. 135 -- Arrigo, Bruce 110 -- arrogance 16 -- articulation of race, class and gender 80 -- Asante, Molefi 241 -- Asia -- 9 -- 41 -- 49 -- 60 -- 246 -- Asians -- 4-5 -- 207 -- Asiatic mode of law 53 -- Atlanta, Georgia 237 -- Austinian 133 -- Australia -- 35 -- 60 -- 133 -- 235 -- 237 -- Australian and New Zealand crimi-nologists 7 -- authoritarian authoritarianism 133 -- authoritarian law-and-order 138 -- authoritarian populism -- 20 -- 21-2 -- authoritarianism 130 -- Ayu, Iyorchi -- 220 -- 222 -- Ba, Mariama 149 -- Babangida, General Ibrahim 189 -- Babbie, E. 177 -- Back 166 -- Badau, Hugo 185 -- Baldus study -- 174 -- 183-4 -- 190 -- Baldwin, James 204-6 -- Bangladesh 90 -- Bankowski, Zenon 52 -- Barak, Greg -- 66 -- 132-3 -- 136-7 -- Barbados 15 -- Barbie, E. 167 -- Baudrillard, Jean -- 10 -- 102 -- 103 -- 111-12 -- 192 -- 198 -- 200 -- 216 -- Fatal Strategies, 77 -- Perfect Crime, 108-10 -- The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, 102 -- Bauman, Zygmunt -- 24 -- 199 -- Beauty and the Beast 112 -- Beccaria, Cesare -- 14 -- 16-17 -- 93 -- Beck, Urlich 198 -- Becker, Howard S. -- 41 -- 43-4 -- 47 -- 50-1 -- 67 -- 158 -- 165 -- 171 -- and the wives of jazz musicians, 49 -- Beirne, Piers 14 -- Belgian colonial officials 32 -- Belgium 14 -- Bell, Vicki 77 -- Ben-Tovim, G. 166 -- Bentham, Jeremy -- 15 -- 93 -- Bhabha, Homi -- 100-1 -- 198 -- Biafra 35 -- bifurcation -- 37 -- 125 -- 238 -- Biko, Steve 70 -- black Africa -- 32 -- 207 -- Black Consciousness Movement 70.

black criminal justice personnel 207 -- black intellectuals 85 -- black legend 14 -- black masculinity 236-8 -- black men 185 -- Black Panther Party -- 29 -- 79 -- black people -- 142 -- oppressed for centuries, 78 -- Black Police Officers Association 208 -- Black Probation Officers Association 208 -- black women -- 172 -- 237 -- Black Women and the Criminal Justice System 186 -- blackness -- 233-5 -- masculine, 235 -- Blaumstein, A. 168 -- blood feuds 117 -- bloodclaat 223 -- Bluecoat Gallery 155 -- Blumer, Herbert 44 -- Bolan, Barbara 176-7 -- Bolshakov, V. 135 -- Bonger, Wilhem 92 -- Bosnia 228 -- Bosnian-Croatian 90 -- bosses 51 -- Bottoms, Anthony 37 -- boundary, blurring 36 -- Bourdieu, Pierre 169 -- bourgeois class -- 15 -- 20 -- Box, Steve -- 30 -- 245 -- Brandt, A. 193 -- Brisbane, Australia 239 -- Britain -- 14 -- 115 -- 136 -- 144 -- 226 -- Britannia 126 -- British colonies 26 -- British National Party 80 -- British rule 40 -- Broadhead, Lee-Anne 72 -- Broadwater Farm Estate 170 -- Brooks, Dwayne 194 -- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 168 -- Brown, D. 58 -- Brownmiller, Susan -- 79 -- 89 -- Bryson, Norman 89 -- bumboclaat 223 -- bureaucracies, rational 236 -- bureaucratisation 22-3 -- Burkina Faso 32 -- Burundi 138 -- Bush, George, Sr 84 -- butch-femme passion 86 -- Cabral, Amilcar -- 30 -- 38 -- 61 -- 137 -- 198 -- on class suicide, 53-4 -- Caesaire, Aime -- 5-6 -- 15-16 -- 32-3 -- 38 -- Cain, Maureen -- 66-8 -- 98 -- 161 -- 216-18 -- 220 -- Calabar University 130 -- California universities 44 -- Cambodia 35 -- Campbell, Horace -- 119 -- 133 -- 139 -- 217 -- 223 -- Canada 86 -- capital punishment -- 14 -- 173-93 -- capitalism -- 23 -- 54 -- capitalist societies -- 29 -- 59 -- Carib woman 83 -- Caribbean -- 9 -- 20 -- 60 -- 133 -- 200 -- 207 -- 220 -- women, 79 -- Carlen, Pat -- 64 -- 66 -- 215 -- Carmichael, Stokely 202.

Carter, Angela, and Red Riding Hood 112.