Community-Based Landslide Risk Reduction : Managing Disasters in Small Steps.
Başlık:
Community-Based Landslide Risk Reduction : Managing Disasters in Small Steps.
Yazar:
Anderson, Malcolm G.
ISBN:
9780821394915
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 online resource (774 pages)
İçerik:
Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Foundations: Reducing Landslide Risk in Communities -- 1.1 Key chapter elements -- 1.1.1 Coverage -- 1.1.2 Documents -- 1.1.3 Steps and outputs -- 1.1.4 Community-based aspects -- 1.2 Getting started -- 1.2.1 Briefing note -- 1.2.2 What is unique about MoSSaiC? -- 1.2.3 Guiding principles -- 1.2.4 Risks and challenges -- 1.3 Disaster risk: context and concepts -- 1.3.1 Global disaster risk -- 1.3.2 Disaster risk management -- 1.3.3 Recent influences on disaster risk management policy and implications for MoSSaiC -- 1.3.4 Landslide risk and other development policy issues -- 1.4 MoSSaiC -- 1.4.1 Overview -- 1.4.2 MoSSaiC: The science basis -- 1.4.3 MoSSaiC: The community basis -- 1.4.4 MoSSaiC: The evidence base -- 1.4.5 MoSSaiC project components -- 1.4.6 MoSSaiC pilots -- 1.5 Starting a MoSSaiC intervention -- 1.5.1 Define the project scale -- 1.5.2 Define the project teams and stakeholders -- 1.5.3 Adhere to safeguard policies -- 1.5.4 Establish a project logframe -- 1.5.5 Brief key leaders -- 1.6 Resources -- 1.6.1 Who does what -- 1.6.2 Chapter checklist -- 1.6.3 References -- 2 Project Inception: Teams and Steps -- 2.1 Key chapter elements -- 2.1.1 Coverage -- 2.1.2 Documents -- 2.1.3 Steps and outputs -- 2.1.4 Community-based aspects -- 2.2 Getting started -- 2.2.1 Briefing note -- 2.2.2 Guiding principles -- 2.2.3 Risks and challenges -- 2.2.4 Adapting the chapter blueprint to existing capacity -- 2.3 Establishing the MoSSaiC Core Unit -- 2.3.1 Rationale -- 2.3.2 MCU roles and responsibilities -- 2.3.3 MCU membership -- 2.4 Identifying the government task teams -- 2.4.1 Mapping task team -- 2.4.2 Community liaison task team -- 2.4.3 Landslide assessment and engineering task team.
2.4.4 Technical support task team -- 2.4.5 Communications task team -- 2.4.6 Advocacy task team -- 2.5 Identifying the community task teams -- 2.5.1 Community residents -- 2.5.2 Construction task team -- 2.5.3 Landowners -- 2.6 Integration of MoSSaiC teams and project steps -- 2.6.1 Team structure and reporting lines -- 2.6.2 Integrating teams with project steps -- 2.6.3 Establishing a user group community -- 2.7 Resources -- 2.7.1 Who does what -- 2.7.2 Chapter checklist -- 2.7.3 References -- 3 Understanding Landslide Hazard -- 3.1 Key chapter elements -- 3.1.1 Coverage -- 3.1.2 Documents -- 3.1.3 Steps and outputs -- 3.1.4 Community-based aspects -- 3.2 Getting started -- 3.2.1 Briefing note -- 3.2.2 Guiding principles -- 3.2.3 Risks and challenges -- 3.2.4 Adapting the chapter blueprint to existing capacity -- 3.3 Landslide types and those addressed by MoSSaiC -- 3.3.1 Types of slope movement and landslide material -- 3.3.2 Landslide geometry and features -- 3.3.3 Landslide triggering events: Rainfall and earthquakes -- 3.3.4 Slope stability over time -- 3.4 Slope stability processes and their assessment -- 3.4.1 Landslide preparatory factors and triggering mechanisms -- 3.4.2 Overview of slope stability assessment methods -- 3.4.3 GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping -- 3.4.4 Direct landslide mapping -- 3.4.5 Empirical rainfall threshold modeling -- 3.4.6 Physically based slope stability modeling -- 3.5 Slope stability variables -- 3.5.1 Rainfall events -- 3.5.2 Slope angle -- 3.5.3 Material type and properties -- 3.5.4 Slope hydrology and drainage -- 3.5.5 Vegetation -- 3.5.6 Loading -- 3.6 Scientific methods for assessing landslide hazard -- 3.6.1 Coupled dynamic hydrology and slope stability models -- 3.6.2 Resistance envelope method for determining suction control -- 3.6.3 Modeling the impact of small retaining walls -- 3.7 Resources.
3.7.1 Who does what -- 3.7.2 Chapter checklist -- 3.7.3 Rainfall thresholds for triggering landslides -- 3.7.4 CHASM principle equation set -- 3.7.5 Static hydrology retaining wall stability analysis -- 3.7.6 References -- 4 Selecting Communities -- 4.1 Key chapter elements -- 4.1.1 Coverage -- 4.1.2 Documents -- 4.1.3 Steps and outputs -- 4.1.4 Community-based aspects -- 4.2 Getting started -- 4.2.1 Briefing note -- 4.2.2 Guiding principles -- 4.2.3 Risks and challenges -- 4.2.4 Adapting the chapter blueprint to existing capacity -- 4.3 Defining the community selection process -- 4.3.1 Approaches to comparing levels of landslide risk at multiple locations -- 4.3.2 Methods for community selection -- 4.3.3 Roles and responsibilities in community selection -- 4.4 Landslide susceptibility and hazard assessment methods -- 4.4.1 Qualitative landslide hazard assessment: Field reconnaissance and hazard ranking methods -- 4.4.2 Qualitative landslide susceptibility mapping: GIS index overlay methods -- 4.4.3 Semi-quantitative and quantitative landslide susceptibility and hazard mapping methods -- 4.5 Assessing community vulnerability to landslides -- 4.5.1 Field reconnaissance and vulnerability ranking methods -- 4.5.2 GIS-based mapping methods for vulnerability assessment -- 4.6 Assessing landslide risk and confirming community selection -- 4.6.1 Combining the hazard and vulnerability information -- 4.6.2 Confirming selected communities -- 4.7 Preparing a base map for detailed community mapping -- 4.7.1 Useful features -- 4.7.2 Supporting data -- 4.7.3 Sources of spatial data -- 4.8 Resources -- 4.8.1 Who does what -- 4.8.2 Chapter checklist -- 4.8.3 References -- 5 Community-Based Mapping for Landslide Hazard Assessment -- 5.1 Key chapter elements -- 5.1.1 Coverage -- 5.1.2 Documents -- 5.1.3 Steps and outputs -- 5.1.4 Community-based aspects.
5.2 Getting started -- 5.2.1 Briefing note -- 5.2.2 Guiding principles -- 5.2.3 Risks and challenges -- 5.2.4 Adapting the chapter blueprint to existing capacity -- 5.3 Deciding on how to work within a community -- 5.3.1 Community participation: Principles -- 5.3.2 Community participation: Practices -- 5.3.3 Community knowledge and participation in the mapping process -- 5.4 Community slope feature mapping -- 5.4.1 Hillside scale: Mapping overall topography and drainage -- 5.4.2 Household scale: Mapping the detail -- 5.4.3 Indicators of slope stability issues -- 5.4.4 Finalizing the community slope feature map -- 5.5 Qualitative landslide hazard assessment -- 5.5.1 Landslide hazard assessment for MoSSaiC projects -- 5.5.2 Identify landslide hazard zones -- 5.5.3 Identify the dominant landslide mechanisms -- 5.6 Physically based landslide hazard assessment -- 5.6.1 Models -- 5.6.2 Data for slope stability models -- 5.6.3 Using slope stability models -- 5.6.4 Analyzing the role of pore water pressure -- 5.6.5 Uncertainty in physically based landslide hazard assessment -- 5.6.6 Interpreting physically based landslide hazard assessment results -- 5.7 Prioritize zones for drainage interventions -- 5.7.1 Assign a potential drainage intervention to each zone -- 5.7.2 Draw an initial drainage plan -- 5.7.3 Assign priorities to the different zones -- 5.7.4 Sign-off on the map and the proposed intervention -- 5.8 Resources -- 5.8.1 Who does what -- 5.8.2 Chapter checklist -- 5.8.3 References -- 6 Design and Good Practice for Slope Drainage -- 6.1 Key chapter elements -- 6.1.1 Coverage -- 6.1.2 Documents -- 6.1.3 Steps and outputs -- 6.1.4 Community-based aspects -- 6.2 Getting started -- 6.2.1 Briefing note -- 6.2.2 Guiding principles -- 6.2.3 Risks and challenges -- 6.2.4 Adapting the chapter blueprint to existing capacity.
6.3 Principles and tools for general alignment of drains -- 6.3.1 Drainage alignment patterns and principles -- 6.3.2 Calculating drain flow and drain dimensions -- 6.3.3 Estimating surface water discharge -- 6.3.4 Estimating the discharge from houses -- 6.3.5 Estimating dimensions for main drains -- 6.3.6 Example to demonstrate intercept drain effectiveness -- 6.3.7 Example to demonstrate the impact of drain channel slope on flow capacity -- 6.3.8 Example to demonstrate the impact of household water -- 6.4 Drain types and detailed alignments -- 6.4.1 Intercept drains -- 6.4.2 Downslope drains -- 6.4.3 Footpath drains -- 6.4.4 Incomplete existing drainage -- 6.4.5 Drains above landslides to stabilize the slope -- 6.4.6 Incorporating debris traps into drain alignment -- 6.4.7 Proposed drainage plan -- 6.5 Drain construction specifications: materials and details -- 6.5.1 Reinforced concrete block drains -- 6.5.2 Low-cost, appropriate technology for drain construction -- 6.5.3 Combining different drain construction approaches -- 6.5.4 Construction design details -- 6.6 Incorporating household water capture into the plan -- 6.6.1 Houses requiring roof guttering -- 6.6.2 Rainwater harvesting -- 6.6.3 Gray water capture -- 6.6.4 Connection to the drainage network -- 6.6.5 Hurricane strapping -- 6.7 Signing off on the final drainage plan -- 6.7.1 Drawing the final drainage plan and estimating costs -- 6.7.2 Community agreement -- 6.7.3 Formal approval and next steps -- 6.8 Resources -- 6.8.1 Who does what -- 6.8.2 Chapter checklist -- 6.8.3 Local designs for concrete drains, catchpits, and baffles -- 6.8.4 References -- 7 Implementing The Planned Works -- 7.1 Key chapter elements -- 7.1.1 Coverage -- 7.1.2 Documents -- 7.1.3 Steps and outputs -- 7.1.4 Community-based aspects -- 7.2 Getting started -- 7.2.1 Briefing note -- 7.2.2 Guiding principles.
7.2.3 Risks and challenges.
Özet:
Many areas of the world are at risk from landslides and their consequences; rainfall-triggered landslides particularly affect developing countries in the tropics. Rapid urbanization and the associated growth of unauthorized and densely populated communities in hazardous locations, such as steep slopes, are powerful drivers in a cycle of disaster risk accumulation. Frequently, it is the most socioeconomically vulnerable who inhabit landslide-prone slopes-thus increasing their exposure to landslide hazards and often increasing the hazard itself. There is growing recognition that urban landslide disaster risk is increasing in developing countries, and that new approaches to designing and delivering landslide risk reduction measures on-the-ground are urgently needed.Community-based Landslide Risk Reduction: Managing Disasters in Small Steps gives practical guidance to policy makers, project managers, and practitioners on how to work with the most vulnerable urban communities to mitigate landslide disasters. The book aims to establish three foundations for delivering ex-ante landslide risk reduction: a scientific base: landslide hazard can often be reduced through the construction of strategically aligned networks of surface drains; a community base: community residents are not just seen as those "at risk," but as the people with the best practical knowledge of the slopes where they live, and who can actively participate in delivering landslide risk reduction solutions; and, an evidence base: delivering effective landside risk reduction measures can change ex-ante risk management practices and policies. The authors provide a flexible blueprint for Management of Slope Stability in Communities ("MoSSaiC") in which policy makers, project managers, practitioners, and communities are engaged in understanding rainfall-triggered landslide hazards, developing
local teams for project delivery, prioritizing the most at-risk communities, designing and constructing appropriate slope drainage solutions, and adopting good slope stability management practices. This approach can lead governments to develop new policies for reducing landslide risk.
Notlar:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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