Nanotechnology for Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics: From Nanoparticle Design to Clinical Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Historical Perspective on Nanoparticles in Imaging from 1895 to 2000 -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 X-Ray and First Contrast Agents (1895-1930s) -- 1.3 Rise of the Nuclear Imaging Techniques (1940s-1950s) -- 1.4 Imaging with Liposomes (1960s-1970s) -- 1.5 Magnetic Imaging with Nanoparticles (1980s-2000) -- 1.6 Optical Imaging with Nanoparticles (1980s-2000) -- 1.7 Ultrasound Microbubble Contrast Agents (1970s-2000) -- 1.8 Maturity: Nanoparticles Surface Modifications (Late 1980s-early 2000s) -- 1.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part I Nanoparticle Design, Synthesis and Characterization -- Chapter 2 Iron Oxide-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthesized from THE Organic Solution Phase for Advanced Biological Imaging -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nanomagnetism and MRI -- 2.3 Organic Solution Phase Syntheses of IOMNPs -- 2.4 Designs and Fabrications of IOMNPs as MRI Contrast Agent -- 2.5 Designs and Fabrications of Multimodality Imaging Agents Based on IOMNPs -- 2.6 Conclusion and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 3 Lipid-Based Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers for Imaging Applications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 General Approaches for Loading Liposomes and Micelles with Contrast Agents -- 3.3 Special Considerations for Target Visualization via Contrast-Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers -- 3.4 Diagnostic Applications of Liposomal Imaging Agents -- 3.5 Diagnostic Applications of Micellar Imaging Agents -- 3.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4 Hollow Nanocapsules in Biomedical Imaging Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocapsules -- 4.3 Compartmentalization of Molecules in Hollow Nanocapsules.

4.4 Biomedical Applications of Polymer Nanocapsules -- 4.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Optoacoustic Imaging -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Optoacoustic Nanoparticles Based on Endogenous Chromophores -- 5.3 Exogenous Nonplasmonic Contrast Agents for Optoacoustic Imaging -- 5.4 Plasmonic Nanoparticles as Optoacoustic Contrast Agents -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Nanoparticles for Bioimaging: Analytical Characterization and Measurements -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Elemental Analysis -- 6.3 Size Analysis -- 6.4 Surface Analysis Techniques -- 6.5 Radioactivity Measurement of Nanoparticles -- 6.6 Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles -- 6.7 Optical Techniques -- 6.8 Miscellaneous Methods -- References -- Part II Imaging Modalities: From Concepts to Applications -- Chapter 7 Radio-labeled Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging -- 7.3 Radiolabeled Nanoparticle for SPECT Imaging -- 7.4 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for PET Imaging -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 MRI with Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Gadolinium as a Contrast Agent in MRI -- 8.3 Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles -- 8.4 Alternatives to Gadolinium for MRI -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 In Vivo Molecular Fluorescence Imaging -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Basics of Fluorescence -- 9.3 General Behavior of Light in Biological Tissue -- 9.4 Diffuse Fluorescence Optical Imaging Instruments -- 9.5 Modeling of Light Propagation in Tissue -- 9.6 Imaging Algorithms -- 9.7 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging with Nanosized Contrast Agents -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Principles of PAT -- 10.3 PAT Modalities.

10.4 Intrinsic Contrasts for PAT -- 10.5 Exogenous Contrasts for PAT -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Bioimaging -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Introduction -- 11.3 Raman Instrumentation for Bioimaging -- 11.4 In Vitro and In Vivo Raman-Based Bioimaging -- 11.5 Raman Reporters -- 11.6 Summary and Future Perspective -- References -- Part III Nanotechnology in Biomedical Imaging and Beyond -- Chapter 12 Pandia®: Gold Nanorods and Their Applications in Cancer Therapy and In Vivo Imaging in Companion Animals and Their Potential Application to Humans -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Background -- 12.3 Photothermal Imaging and Therapy In Vivo -- 12.4 Potential Applications in Humans -- 12.5 Summary -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 13 Imaging Genetic Information -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Nucleic Acids as Biomarkers for Disease -- 13.3 Antisense RNA Imaging -- 13.4 Reporter Systems for RNA Imaging -- 13.5 Recent Examples of Nanoparticle Antisense Imaging Agents -- 13.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 The Application of Plant Viral Nanoparticles in Tissue-Specific Imaging -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 VNPs Labeled with Fluorescent Dyes for Optical Imaging -- 14.3 Interaction of CPMV with Cells and its Application for Intravital Imaging -- 14.4 Passive Targeting of Tumors Using Fluorescent VNPs -- 14.5 Molecular Targeted Fluorescence Imaging -- 14.6 VNPs as MRI Contrast Agents -- 14.7 PET Imaging -- 14.8 Future Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15 Design and Development of Theranostic Nanomedicines -- 15.1 Theranostics for Personalized Nanomedicine -- 15.2 Solid Nanoparticle Systems -- 15.3 Colloidal Systems -- 15.4 Selected Polymeric Nanosystems -- 15.5 Pharmaceutical Aspects of Theranostics -- References -- Chapter 16 Animal Models for Preclinical Imaging -- 16.1 Introduction.

16.2 Ethics in Animal Research -- 16.3 Considerations in Animal Care -- 16.4 Choice of Animal Model -- 16.5 Companion Animal Disease Models -- References -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- End User License Agreement.