Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Notes on contributors -- Foreword Bonnie J. McCay -- Foreword Árni M. Mathiesen -- Foreword Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias -- Preface Serge M. Garcia, Jake Rice and Anthony Charles -- Acknowledgements -- List of selected acronyms -- Glossary -- Part 1 Governance trends and challenges -- Chapter 1 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: A history -- Introduction -- Historical developments in fishery governance -- Historical developments in biodiversity conservation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: Convergence or coevolution? -- Introduction -- Selected strands in fishery governance -- Selected strands in conservation governance -- Parallel strands in conservation and fishery governance -- Discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: The integration challenge -- Introduction -- Sustainable development backdrop -- Integration process -- Integration factors -- Integration through interaction -- Concluding thoughts -- Notes -- References -- Part 2 Governance dimensions -- Chapter 4 Bio-ecological dimensions of fisheries management, biodiversity and governance -- Introduction and background -- Fisheries management up to the 1990s -- The ecological categories of impacts of fishing and their management -- Areas of overlap and potential for inconsistencies between fisheries and conservation of biodiversity approaches -- Venues for change -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 The economic dimension: Addressing behaviour, incentives and context for effective governance -- Introduction -- Economic foundations of governance -- The economic context of governance.

Evolving economic scope of governance -- Economic instruments in fisheries and marine conservation -- Discussion: Economic instruments and prospects for governance integration -- References -- Chapter 6 The social dimension: The challenge of dealing with equity -- Introduction: The two cultures -- Fisheries management: creating wealth, forgetting about distribution -- Conservation: creating values with unequal distribution of costs -- Reconciling fisheries management and conservation -- Consultation and co-management -- Fisheries management and conservation within larger frameworks -- Lessons learnt -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7 The global legal dimension: Navigating the legal currents of rights and responsibilities -- Introduction -- The Law of the Sea Convention -- Legally binding global fisheries agreements -- The 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and its subsidiary documents -- Multilateral environmental agreements relevant to the conservation of living marine resources -- Global environment and development conferences/summits -- UN General Assembly resolutions and processes -- Conclusion: Future developments -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 8 Spatial dimensions of fisheries and biodiversity governance -- Introduction -- Development of marine spatial governance -- The terrestrial heritage of marine governance -- Space-time issues in fisheries management -- Spatial issues in biodiversity and ecosystem management -- Governance shift to a multiple-use framework -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 9 Scientific foundation: Towards integration -- Introduction -- Ecological complexity -- Human system complexity -- Confronting the uncertainty -- Complexity, uncertainty, risk and science-based decision-making -- Illustrations of complex systems, science and governance -- Summary of the challenges to governance.

Concluding thoughts -- References -- Part 3 Global governance -- Chapter 10 Global level institutions and processes: Frameworks for understanding critical roles and foundations of cooperation and integration -- Introduction -- Establishing some frameworks -- Potential strengths and weaknesses of global institutions, organizations and bodies -- Implications -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 11 Global level institutions and processes: Assessment of critical roles, foundations of cooperation and integration and their contribution to integrated marine governance -- Introduction -- The current fabric of key global institutions in marine governance -- Assessment -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 12 Integrative policy and legal instruments, approaches and tools: Fisheries and biodiversity conservation -- Introduction -- Integrative concepts and approaches -- Relationship between framework and implementation agreements and related instruments -- Basis and application of integrated approaches and principles in framework instruments and global policy instruments -- Management processes, approaches and tools for integrated implementation -- Reinforcing integrated implementation at regional level -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 13 Conservation and risk of extinction of marine species -- Introduction -- Early history of the development of criteria for classifying species in terms of extinction risk -- Developments in the 1990s -- Developments in the 21st century -- Current status -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 14 Parallel initiatives: CBD's Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) and FAO's Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) criteria and processes -- Introduction -- The criteria -- Pathways to the separate sets of criteria -- Recent status -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References.

Part 4 Regional governance -- Chapter 15 Regional governance for fisheries and biodiversity -- Introduction -- Legal and institutional framework for regional fisheries governance -- Legal and institutional frameworks for regional marine environmental governance -- Catalysts for collaboration on fisheries and biodiversity conservation objectives -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16 Regional governance: The case of NEAFC and OSPAR -- Introduction -- Relevant international processes with respect to regional fisheries management and conservation -- Strengthening the OSPAR convention (annex V) -- Updating the NEAFC convention -- Measures implemented individually by NEAFC and OSPAR -- Cultural differences between management approaches of the two organizations -- Memorandum of understanding between NEAFC and the OSPAR commissions (2008) -- Examples of converging approaches -- Medium- and long-term expectation -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 17 Regional governance: The Mediterranean cradle -- Introduction -- Status of marine biodiversity -- Status of marine fisheries -- Aquaculture -- Governance framework -- Conclusion and discussion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 18 CCAMLR and Antarctic conservation: The leader to follow? -- Introduction -- The CAMLR Convention -- International cooperation -- Conservation and management -- Compliance and enforcement -- Performance review and evaluation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 19 Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in the Benguela Current LME area -- Introduction -- Historical perspective -- Implementation of EAF at the regional level -- Tracking the implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management in the region -- Institutional structures and interactions between biodiversity conservation and fisheries management in the marine environment.

Summary and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 20 Governance of marine fisheries and conservation in the context of the European Union -- The institutional framework and decision making of the European Union -- Policy development -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part 5 National governance -- Chapter 21 The use of national frameworks for sustainable development of marine fisheries and conservation, ecosystem-based management and integrated ocean management -- Introduction -- National framework for fishery and conservation management in Australia -- National framework for fishery and conservation management in Norway -- National framework for fishery and conservation management in Canada -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 22 Small-scale fisheries: Importance, vulnerability and deficient knowledge -- Introduction -- Small-scale fisheries: An overview -- Governance and conservation in SSFs -- Misperceptions in science-based governance -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 23 Stewardship in tropical small-scale fisheries: Community and national perspectives -- Introduction -- Case study: Towards co-management of sea turtle fisheries in Turks and Caicos Islands -- Case study: Ubay, Bohol, Philippines -- Analysis and discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 24 Making space for small-scale fishing communities: Use and misuse of spatial management instruments -- Introduction -- International instruments informing the development of spatial management tools -- South Africa -- India -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 25 ENGOs and SIDS: Environmental interventions in small island developing states -- Introduction -- What are SIDS? -- Environment and fisheries -- NGOs and environmental and fisheries interactions -- Caribbean -- Pacific.

Outcomes and lessons learned.