TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Preface ix -- Part I: Defining the Field 1 -- David Crabbe: Introduction 3 -- David Little: Learner autonomy is more than a Western cultural construct 11 -- Naoko Aoki and Richard C. Smith: Learner autonomy in cultural context: the case of Japan 19 -- Philip Riley: On the social construction of 'the learner' 29 -- Part II: Effecting Change 41 -- Working with Groups 43 -- Sara Cotterall: Introduction 43 -- Steven McDonough: A hierarchy of strategies? 51 -- Andrew D. Cohen: Language learning strategies instruction and research 61 -- David Nunan, Jose Lai and Ken Keobke: Towards autonomous language learning: strategies, reflection and navigation 69 -- Michael Müller-Verweyen: Reflection as a means of acquiring autonomy 79 -- Leni Dam and Lienhard Legenhausen: Language acquisition in an autonomous learning environment: learners' self-evaluations and external assessments compared 89 -- Working with Individual Learners 99 -- Sara Cotterall: Introduction 99 -- Gail Schaefer Fu: Guidelines for productive language counselling-tools for implementing autonomy 105 -- Peter Voller, Elaine Martyn and Valerie Pickard: One-to-one counselling for autonomous learning in a self-access centre: final report on an action learning project 111 -- Alison Hoffmann: Discourse surrounding goals in an undergraduate ESL writing course 127 -- Working with Teachers 139 -- David Crabbe: Introduction 139 -- Véra Maria Xavier dos Santos and Viviane Horbach: EFL teacher and class management: teaching and learning strategies 143 -- Flávia Vieira: Pedagogy for autonomy: teacher development and pedagogical experimentation - an in-service teacher training project 149 -- Cecilia Thavenius: Teacher autonomy for learner autonomy 159 -- David Crabbe: Postscript 165 -- References 169 -- List of contributors 183 -- BM 1 185.