Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communications -- Contents v -- Preface xi -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Body-Centric Wireless Communications 1 -- 1.1 What Are Body-Centric Communications Systems? 1 -- 1.2 Off-Body to On-Body Communications 5 -- 1.3 On-Body Communications 5 -- 1.4 Medical Implants and Sensor Networks 6 -- 1.5 Layout of the Book 7 -- References 8 -- Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Properties and Modeling of the Human Body 11 -- 2.1 Electromagnetic Characteristics of Human Tissues 11 -- 2.2 Physical Body Phantoms 12 -- 2.3 Numerical Phantoms 20 -- 2.4 Numerical Modeling Techniques for Body-Centric Wireless Communications 22 -- References 34 -- Chapter 3 Antennas and Propagation for On-Body Communication at Microwave Frequencies 39 -- 3.1 Introduction 39 -- 3.2 On-Body Channel Measurement and Modeling 41 -- 3.3 Antenna Design 51 -- 3.4 Simulation and Modeling 56 -- 3.5 Systems Modeling 60 -- 3.6 Conclusions 62 -- Acknowledgments 63 -- References 63 -- Chapter 4 Transmission Mechanism of Wearable Devices Using the Human Body as a Transmission Channel 65 -- 4.1 Introduction to Communications Using Circuits in Direct Contact with the Human Body 65 -- 4.2 Numerical Analysis and Equivalent Circuit Models 68 -- 4.3 Experiments Using Human Phantom 76 -- 4.4 Investigation of the Dominant Signal Transmission Path 86 -- 4.5 Conclusions 89 -- References 91 -- Chapter 5 Body-Centric UWB Communications 93 -- 5.1 Overview 93 -- 5.2 Antennas 94 -- 5.3 Channel Simulation and Measurement Methodology 111 -- 5.4 Channel Characterization and Modeling 121 -- References 147 -- Chapter 6 Wearable Antennas: Advances in Design, Characterization, and Application 151 -- 6.1 Background 151 -- 6.2 Wearable Antennas: Critical Design Issues 153 -- 6.3 Textile Materials 155 -- 6.4 Effects of Substrate Materials: An Example of the Fabric GPS Antenna 156.

6.5 Effect of Various Conductive Materials of Patch Antennas: An Example of WLAN Antenna on Fleece Fabric 162 -- 6.6 Dual-Frequency Wearable Antenna Design: An Example of a U-Slot Patch 166 -- 6.7 Wearable Electromagnetic Bandgap Antenna: An Example of a WLAN Antenna 171 -- 6.8 Wearable Antennas Near the Human Body: An Example of a WLAN Antenna 180 -- 6.9 Conclusions 184 -- Acknowledgments 186 -- References 186 -- Chapter 7 Body-Sensor Networks for Space and Military Applications 189 -- 7.1 Introduction 189 -- 7.2 Biosensor System and Basics of Biomedical RF Telemetry 190 -- 7.3 Antenna Design for Body Sensors 194 -- 7.4 Space, Military, and Civilian Applications 206 -- References 208 -- Chapter 8 Antennas and Propagation for Telemedicine and Telecare: On-Body Systems 211 -- 8.1 Telemedicine and Telecare Applications 211 -- 8.2 Antennas and Human Body Interaction in Personal Telemedicine 217 -- 8.3 System Design Issues 231 -- 8.4 Conclusion 236 -- References 236 -- Chapter 9 Medical Implant Communication Systems 241 -- 9.1 Introduction 241 -- 9.2 Lossy Dispersive Media 244 -- 9.3 Low-Profile Antennas for Implantable Medical Devices 255 -- 9.4 Conclusion 268 -- References 269 -- Chapter 10 Summary and Conclusions 271 -- 10.1 Overview and Conclusions 271 -- 10.2 Future Challenges 275 -- References 277 -- About the Authors 279 -- Index 289.