PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON PROMOTING ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DATA FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST: AN ASSESSMENT OF PO -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- PART I WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS -- 1 Introductory Remarks -- 2 Keynote Address -- General Discussion -- 3 Characteristics of Scientific and Technical Databases -- GEOGRAPHIC DATA PANEL -- Government Data Activity -- General Discussion -- Not-for-Profit Data Activity -- General Discussion -- Commercial Data Activity -- General Discussion -- GENOMIC DATA PANEL -- Government Data Activity -- General Discussion -- Not-for-Profit Data Activity -- General Discussion -- Commercial Data Activity -- General Discussion -- CHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DATA PANEL -- Government Data Activity -- General Discussion -- Not-for-Profit Data Activity -- General Discussion -- Commercial Data Activity -- Data Capture -- General Discussion -- METEOROLOGICAL DATA PANEL -- Government Data Activity -- Not-for-Profit Data Activity -- General Discussion -- Commercial Data Activity -- General Discussion -- 4 Economic Factors in the Production, Dissemination, and Use of Scientific and Technical Databases -- General Discussion -- 5 Overview of Technologies for Protecting and for Misappropriating Digital Intellectual Property Rights: The Current Situatio -- GENERAL DISCUSSION -- 6 Legal and Policy Issues -- SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS REGIMES FOR DATABASES -- Subject Matter Scope -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Term of Protection -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model.

Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Type of Protection/Standard of Harm -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Who Is Protected? -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Jurisdictional Scope/Where Protection Is Provided -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Permitted Acts -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Complete Exclusions -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Relationship to Other Laws -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Remedies (Civil/Criminal) -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- Deposit Requirements -- The Status Quo -- Copyright -- Unfair Competition Law -- Contract Law -- Technical Protection -- Sui Generis Property Rights Model -- Unfair Competition/Misappropriation Model -- SUMMARY OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION LAW AND DATA POLICIES -- GENERAL DISCUSSION -- PART II DISCUSSION SESSIONS ON THE CURRENT LEGAL AND TECHNICAL SITUATION.

7 Government-Sector Data -- 8 Not-for-Profit-Sector Data -- 9 Commercial-Sector Data -- PART III Discussion Sessions on the Potential Impacts of Legislation and Assessments of Policy Options -- 10 A Strong Property Rights Model for Protecting Databases -- 11 An Unfair Competition Model for Protecting Databases -- 12 Promoting Access to and Use of Government Scientific and Technical Data-An Assessment of Legal and Policy Options -- 13 Promoting Access to and Use of Not-for-Profit-Sector Scientific and Technical Data-An Assessment of Legal and Policy Optio -- 14 Final Plenary Discussion -- Appendixes -- APPENDIX A -- STUDY COMMITTEE -- STUDY DIRECTOR -- WORKSHOP SPEAKERS AND PANELISTS -- APPENDIX B -- WORKSHOP AGENDA -- WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS -- APPENDIX C -- SUMMARY -- PART I. TODAY'S DATABASES -- Some Commercial Databases -- Example 1: A Sampler of CD-ROMs -- Example 2: An Internet Sampler -- Example 3: Other Types of Databases -- Some Scientific Databases -- Example 4: Some Electronic Database Samplers -- Example 5: A Large Nuclear Science Database -- Example 6: Elsevier Science -- Example 7: Biotechnology -- Examples 8(a)-8(h): Anecdotes and Profiles. -- Lessons Learned -- Protection under Existing Law -- Self-Help Protection -- Unprotected Products -- PART II. EXISTING AND PROPOSED LAW -- The Limits of Federal Copyright Protection -- The INS Case -- The Feist Case -- Copyright Protection After Feist -- Unfair Competition After Feist -- Implications for Science -- State Contract Law -- Implications for Science -- The European Union Directive -- Implications for Science -- Proposed Legislation and Suggested Reforms -- The World Intellectual Property Organization Treaty -- Proposed Congressional Legislation -- State Legislation -- Academic Proposals -- PART III. POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- Is There Room for Improvement?.

Issue 1: If Statutory Protection Were Enacted, What New Products Would Be Created? -- Issue 2: Has the Absence of Statutory Protection Resulted in Economic Distortions and, If So, How Serious Are They? -- Pitfalls and Drawbacks -- Issue 3: Will Protecting First-generation Databases Discourage the Creation of Subsequent Products? -- Issue 4: Should Statutory Protection Include Exemptions for Socially Useful Copying? -- Issue 5: Would Increased Rights Allow Database Providers to Charge Higher Prices Within Individual Niche Markets? -- Issue 6: Could Statutory Protection Damage Science by Inadvertently Privatizing Its Databases? -- Issue 7: How Would Database Protection Interact with Other Forms of Intellectual Property Protection? -- Threats from the European Union -- Issue 8: Does the European Union's Position on Databases Change the Foregoing Analysis? -- AVAILABLE POLICY TOOLS -- Option 0: No Change in Existing Law -- Option 1: Judge-made Unfair Competition Law -- Option 2: Improved Unfair Competition Law -- Option 3: Sui Generis Protection for a Limited Term -- Option 4: Sui Generis Protection with Not-for-Profit/Academic Exemptions -- Option 5: Sui Generis Protection with a Defense for Improved Databases -- Option 6: Shrink-wrap Contract Reforms -- Option 7: Administrative Solutions -- CONCLUSION -- EXHIBITS -- NOTES -- Appendix D.