The social context of reality: perspectives of drug use and abuse among Palestinian and Israeli people. The social context of reality: substance use in the Middle East -- Drugs and peace: new meanings, old metaphors--the Palestinian-Israeli People against Substance Abuse (PIPASA) experience. People in transition. Drug abuse: problems, politics, and programs in Palestine -- Psychoactive substance use by Jews and Arabs in Israel -- Alcohol use among Moslems and Druze in Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority: theoretical aspects and trends -- Russian-speaking immigrants: factors associated with heroin use -- Social change and substance use among Bedouin Arabs in southern Israel. Toward an understanding of drug prevalence estimation and evaluation for Palestinian and Israeli populations. Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) to HIV and psychoactive substance use: relevance for the Eastern Mediterranean region -- Middle East Drug Use Watch (MEDUW): a trilateral system to measure the type and extent of psychoactive substance use in Palestinian and Israeli communities -- Is there a need for an international screening test? the Middle East as a case in point -- Perspectives of drug services: needs and intervention stratagies -- Patterns, policies, and treatment strategies of substance abuse in Israel: past and present -- Outpatient substance abuse treatment using scientifically supported treatment manuals: a strategy for addressing addiction among Palestinian and Israeli people -- Alcohol and drug abuse from an Islamic perspective: implications for intervention -- The right stuff: key personality characteristics that indicate success in overcoming addiction in Israel -- The evaluation of treatment for substance use disorders: relevance to the Middle East.