Liberalism, Fascism, or Social Democracy : Social Classes and the Political Origins of Regimes in Interwar Europe.
Başlık:
Liberalism, Fascism, or Social Democracy : Social Classes and the Political Origins of Regimes in Interwar Europe.
Yazar:
Luebbert, Gregory M.
ISBN:
9780198023074
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 online resource (431 pages)
İçerik:
Contents -- 1. Introduction -- I: THE ORIGINS -- 2. Ties That Would Divide: Liberal-Labor Alliances in Britain, France, and Switzerland before the War -- Britain -- France -- Weakness of the Labor Movement in Britain and France -- Switzerland -- Epilogue -- 3. Cleavage Structures and the Failure of Liberal Movements in Late Nineteenth-Century Europe -- Liberal Weakness: A Survey -- Some Explanations of Liberal Weakness -- Cleavage Structures and the Failure of Liberal Movements -- Modernization, Cleavages, and Political Struggles -- Where Backwardness Mattered -- Epilogue -- 4. The Break with Liberalism and the Formation of Working-Class Movements -- Abortive Lib-Labism and the Rise of Working-Class Movements -- Germany -- Norway -- Sweden -- Denmark -- Belgium and the Netherlands -- Italy -- Spain -- Imperialism, Nationalism, and Class Integration -- A Note on Leadership and Choice -- Epilogue -- 5. The Organization of Workers: Liberal and Aliberal Societies Compared -- Parties -- Trade Unions: Membership and Organizational Coherence -- A Note on Industrial Concentration -- A Note on the Role of the State -- Epilogue: Toward the Great War -- II: THE OUTCOMES -- 6. War, Crisis, and the Stabilization of the Liberal Order -- Postwar Crises and Liberal Responses -- The Defeat of the Working-Class Movement -- Stabilization of the Liberal Order -- Epilogue -- 7. Narrowing the Aliberal Outcomes: Liberalism's Final Failure and the Irrelevance of Traditional Dictatorship -- Neither Liberalism Nor Lib-Labism -- Politics against Markets -- Irrelevance of Traditional Dictatorship -- 8. Social Democracy and Fascism -- Social Democracy: The Scandinavian Solution -- Fascism: The Solution of Germany, Italy, and Spain -- Family Peasantry: A Pivotal Force -- Red-Green Alliance and Social Democratic Hegemony -- Rural Class Conflicts and Fascist Hegemony.
Epilogue -- 9. Conclusion: Class Alliances and Transition to Mass Politics -- A Structuralist Argument -- Structuralism and Other Arguments Compared -- Drawing Lessons from Europe -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.
Özet:
This work provides a sweeping historical analysis of the political development of Western Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Arguing that the evolution of most Western European nations into liberal democracies, social democracies, or fascist regimes was attributable to a discrete set of social class alliances, the author explores the origins and outcomes of the political development in the individual nations. In Britain, France, and Switzerland, countries with a unified middle class, liberal forces established political hegemony before World War I. By coopting considerable sections of the working class with reforms that weakened union movements, liberals essentially excluded the fragmented working class from the political process, remaining in power throughout the inter-war period. In countries with a strong, cohesive working class and a fractured middle class, Luebbert points out, a liberal solution was impossible. In Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Czechoslovakia, political coalitions of social democrats and the "family peasantry" emerged as a result of the First World War, leading to social democratic governments. In Italy, Spain, and Germany, on the other hand, the urban middle class united with a peasantry hostile to socialism to facilitate the rise of fascism.
Notlar:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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