Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgements -- List of Acronyms -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ROMA IN EUROPE -- A Passage from India -- Arrival in Europe -- Roma and Travellers -- Persecution and Romanticism -- O Baro Porrajmos: The Holocaust -- Roma under Communism -- Post-communism: Romani Awakening -- CHAPTER 2 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION OF ROMA -- Objectives, Assumptions and Rationale -- Theoretical Basis -- Methodological Approach -- Mobilization, Political Participation and Representation -- Minorities, the Democratic State and International Law -- The Roma Social Movement -- Determining Legitimacy -- CHAPTER 3 AMBIVALENT DISCOURSE: RIGHTS-BASED THEORIES ON MINORITIES -- Introduction -- Rights-based Approaches to Minority Issues -- Minority Rights: Analytical and Cultural Presuppositives -- A Rights versus Justice Conception of Minority Protection -- Citizenship Rights and Roma -- Political Rights and the Pursuit of Representation -- Representing People and Representing Interests -- Rights versus Interests -- Key Concepts -- CHAPTER 4 WHO SPEAKS FOR ROMA? ORGANIZING STRUCTURES OF REPRESENTATION IN ROMANIA -- Introduction -- Interests of Roma in Romania -- Élite Representation of Roma -- Monopolizing Roma Representation -- Localized Legitimacy through Civil Society -- Conclusion -- Ethnic Mobilization -- Political Participation -- Interest Articulation -- Legitimate Representation -- Hypotheses -- CHAPTER 5 SELF-GOVERNMENT AND INTEREST REPRESENTATION IN HUNGARY: A WRONG STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION? -- Introduction -- Shared Interests of Roma in Hungary -- The Minority Self-Government System: Political Participation in a Cultural Institution -- The Needle in the Haystack: Élite Romani Representatives -- The Absence of Ethnopolitics: Let Sleeping Dogs Lie.

Plugging the Hole: Romani Civil Society Organizations -- Conclusion -- Ethnic Mobilization -- Political Participation -- Interest Articulation -- Legitimate Representation -- Hypotheses -- Hungary and Romania Compared -- CHAPTER 6 ROMA REPRESENTATION IN THE TRANSNATIONAL POLITICAL CONTEXT -- Introduction -- A European Minority -- The Transnational Roma Social Movement -- Transnational Roma Interests -- International Romani Union (IRU) -- Roma National Congress (RNC) -- European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) -- Open Society Institute-Roma Participation Programme (OSI-RPP) -- European Roma and Traveller Forum (ERTF) -- Notes on Legitimacy of Transnational Organizing Structures of Representation -- The European Union's Policy on Roma -- European Roma Information Office (ERIO) -- Conclusion -- Ethnic Mobilization -- Political Participation -- Interest Articulation -- Legitimate Representation -- CONCLUSION -- Assessing the Hypotheses -- H1: Political decentralization increases the legitimacy of Roma representation -- H2: Due to inadequate organizing structures of representation in the domestic political context, transnational Romani activity increases -- Contested Ethnic Group Identity and Shared Interests -- Glossary -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.