Cover -- Half-title -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Part I -- 1 Introduction -- WHY INTERNATIONAL LAW? -- INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE -- THE ARGUMENT IN BRIEF -- ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK -- 2 Why International Law? The Development of the International Human Rights Regime in the Twentieth Century -- THE GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE INTENSIFICATION OF STATE ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY -- Democratization -- Accountability in International Law -- International Civil Society -- THE INFLUENCE OF WARTIME ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- TOWARD LEGALIZATION: PROGRESS AND HESITATION -- Putting on the Brakes: The United States and the Politics of Opposition to Legalization -- Early Agents of Legalization -- THE 1970S AND BEYOND: THE ACCELERATION OF LEGAL DEVELOPMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- 3 Theories of Commitment -- WHY COMMIT? THE COMMON WISDOM -- A THEORY OF RATIONALLY EXPRESSIVE RATIFICATION -- Government Preferences and Practices -- FALSE NEGATIVES AND FALSE POSITIVES -- Why Do Rights-Respecting Governments Refrain from Ratification? -- 1. Ratification Hurdles: Legislative Veto Players -- 2. Federal Political Systems: Subnational Players -- 3. Ex Post Legal Integration Costs: Judicial Institutions -- Why Do Rights-Abusing Governments Sometimes Ratify? -- Motives for Insincere Ratification: Expected Benefits -- Uncertainty over Consequences -- Short Time Horizons -- THE EVIDENCE: EMPIRICAL PATTERNS OF TREATY COMMITMENT -- Ratification -- 1. Preferences and Ratification -- 2. The Legal System, Institutions, and Ratification -- 3. Strategic Ratification -- 4. Regional Clustering: Strategic Behavior or Localized Socialization? -- 5. How Robust? Alternative Explanations for Ratification -- Customized Commitments: Reservations.

Beyond Ratification: Recognizing International Authority -- CONCLUSIONS -- 4 Theories of Compliance -- INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS -- The Common Wisdom -- Self-Enforcing Agreements -- Treaties as Commitment Devices -- Human Rights Treaties: A Continuing Theoretical Puzzle -- A DOMESTIC POLITICS THEORY OF TREATY COMPLIANCE -- Executive Powers: Treaties and Agenda-Setting Influences -- Courts: The Leverage of Litigation -- Group Demands: Rights and Mobilization -- Why Mobilize? Theories of Social Mobilization -- Treaties, Rights Demands, and the Value of Succeeding -- Mobilization Success -- EXPECTATIONS -- Altering the National Agenda -- Leveraging Litigation -- Empowering Political Mobilization -- CONCLUSIONS -- Part II -- 5 Civil Rights -- CIVIL RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW -- Background -- RELIGIOUS FREEDOM -- Religious Freedom and International Law -- Data and Methods -- Findings: ICCPR Ratification and Religious Freedom -- FAIR TRIALS -- Fair Trials in International Law -- Data and Methods -- Findings: ICCPR Ratification and Fair Trials -- CRUEL AND INHUMANE PUNISHMENT: THE DEATH PENALTY -- The Death Penalty in International Law -- Data and Methods -- Findings: The ICCPR, the OPDP, and Abolition of the Death Penalty -- CONCLUSIONS -- 6 Equality for Women: Education, Work, and Reproductive Rights -- WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW -- The Role of International Law -- What Rights? Education, Reproductive Health, and Employment -- EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY -- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH -- EMPLOYMENT -- A CLOSER LOOK AT MECHANISMS -- Japan: CEDAW, Women, and Employment Policy -- Colombia, CEDAW, and Women's Reproductive Autonomy -- CONCLUSIONS -- 7 Humane Treatment: The Prevalence and Prevention of Torture -- TORTURE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW -- The Nature of the Problem -- International Legal Efforts to Prohibit Torture.

The State of Research -- DATA AND METHODS -- The Dependent Variable: Torture Scale -- Conditioning Effects: Regime Type and Judicial Institutions -- The Statistical Models -- Controls -- STATISTICAL FINDINGS -- Partially Democratic/Transition Regimes -- Partially Democratic Regimes and Regional Mechanisms -- The Courts: Possibilities for Litigation -- CHILE AND ISRAEL: EXPERIENCES WITH THE CAT -- Chile: Democratic Transition, Judicial Reform, and the Legal Empowerment of the CAT -- Israel: An Embattled Democracy -- CONCLUSIONS -- 8 The Protection of Innocents: Rights of the Child -- CHILDREN'S RIGHTS -- The Rise of Public Protections - and Advocacy for Protection -- Children in International Law -- The Legal Centerpiece: The CRC -- CHILD LABOR -- The Problem -- International Law and Child Labor: From the ILO to the CRC -- Data and Methods -- BASIC HEALTH CARE: IMMUNIZATIONS -- CHILD SOLDIERS -- The Problem -- International Law and Child Soldiers -- Data and Methods -- CONCLUSIONS -- 9 Conclusion -- COMMITMENT AND COMPLIANCE: TWIN PUZZLES FOR INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW -- The Development of an International Legal Regime for Human Rights -- Why Commit? The Ratification Decision -- Treaty Effects: A Nudge Toward Compliance -- HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES IN PERSPECTIVE -- Beyond Treaties: The Broader Effects of International Law on Human Rights -- Legalization and Legalism: The Obsession with Law -- International Human Rights Law, Hegemonic Discourse, and the ''New Cosmopolitanism'' -- Agency: The State and Domestic Civil Society -- IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE -- CONCLUSION -- Appendix 1: Data Appendix -- Chapter 3 -- Dependent Variables -- Explanatory Variables -- Chapter 5 -- Dependent Variables -- Explanatory Variables -- Chapter 6 -- Dependent Variables -- Explanatory Variables -- Chapter 7 -- Dependent Variable -- Explanatory Variables.

Chapter 8 -- Dependent Variables -- Explanatory Variables -- Appendix 2: Regime Type and Rule of Law Categories -- References -- Index.