Front Matter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction -- Introduction to the Subject -- What We Know: The Tantalizing Potential -- Early Childhood Interventions: Theories of Change, Empirical Findings, and Research Priorities -- Why Exploiting This Knowledge Will Be Essential to Achieving Health Improvements in the 21st Century -- Refocus -- Research to Understand the Mechanisms Through Which Social and Behavioral Factors Influence Health -- Investments in Longitudinal Surveys, Databases, Advanced Statistical Research, and Computation Technology -- Investments in Research and Intervention at the Community Level -- Reactor Panel for Research Funders -- Wrap-up -- Appendix A: Symposium Agenda.