Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation -- Copyright -- Preface -- DEDICATION -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- I New Tools and Clinical Care Outlines -- 1 Introduction -- WHY USE THIS GUIDEBOOK? -- WHAT DOES THE GUIDEBOOK CONTAIN? -- WHO SHOULD USE THIS GUIDEBOOK? -- WAYS TO USE THIS BOOK -- TIPS FOR USING THIS BOOK -- APPROACH -- TERMINOLOGY -- DIETITIAN REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION -- RECORD KEEPING -- INTRODUCTION TO THE NUTRITION QUESTIONNAIRE -- NUTRITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE -- Eating Behavior -- Food Resources -- Food and Drink -- Life-Style -- INTERPRETATION OF NUTRITION QUESTIONNAIRE -- Eating Behavior -- Food Resources -- Food and Drink -- Life-Style -- CHARTS FOR ASSESSING WEIGHT -- Body Mass Index -- Weight Gain During Pregnancy -- Chart for Estimating Body Mass Index (BMI) Category and BMI -- Prenatal Weight Gain Chart -- LABORATORY TESTS AND NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTS -- 2 The Preconception/Interconception Visit -- CHECKLIST -- Gathering Information -- Questions -- Physical Examination -- Basic Guidance -- Addressing Problems -- The Preconception/Interconception Visit -- GATHERING INFORMATION -- History-Sample Questions -- Sociodemographic, Obstetric, Medical, and Life-Style Factors -- Weight Status -- Dietary Practices -- Use of Harmful Substances -- Physical Examination -- General Appearance -- Weight-for-Height Status -- Laboratory Evaluation -- EXPLANATIONS -- History -- Sociodemographic, Obstetric, Medical, and Life-Style Factors -- Weight Status -- Dietary Practices -- Use of Harmful Substances -- Physical Examination -- General Appearance -- Weight-for-Height Status -- Laboratory Evaluation -- BASIC GUIDANCE -- General -- Basic Dietary Guidance -- Use of Medications, Supplements, and Harmful Substances -- ADDRESSING PROBLEMS -- Problems with Access to Food -- Low Food or Nutrient Intake -- Disorders Requiring Diet Therapy -- Anemia.

Use of Harmful Substances -- History of Delivering an Infant with a Neural Tube Defect -- 3 The First Prenatal Visit -- CHECKLIST -- Gathering Information -- Questions -- Physical Examination -- Basic Guidance -- Addressing Problems -- FIRST PRENATAL VISIT MODIFIED CHECKLIST -- Gathering Information -- Questions -- Physical Examination -- Basic Guidance -- Addressing Problems -- The First Prenatal Visit -- GATHERING INFORMATION -- History-Sample Questions -- Sociodemographic, Obstetric, Medical, and Life-Style Factors -- Weight -- Discomforts and Dietary Practices -- Use of Harmful Substances -- Infant Feeding -- Physical Examination -- General Appearance -- Breast Examination -- Weight and Weight-for-Height Status -- Laboratory Evaluation -- EXPLANATIONS -- History -- Sociodemographic, Obstetric, Medical, and Life-Style Factors -- Weight -- Discomforts and Dietary Practices -- Use of Harmful Substances -- Infant Feeding -- Physical Examination -- General Appearance -- Breast Examination -- Weight and Weight-for-Height Status -- Laboratory Evaluation -- BASIC GUIDANCE -- General -- Dietary Practices -- Weight -- Comfort -- Use of Supplements and Medications -- Infant Feeding -- ADDRESSING PROBLEMS -- Problems with Access to Food -- Low Food or Nutrient Intake -- Disorders Requiring Diet Therapy -- Anemia -- Use of Harmful Substances -- History of Delivering an Infant with a Neural Tube Defect -- 4 Follow-up Visits -- CHECKLIST -- Gathering Information -- Questions -- Physical Examination -- Basic Guidance -- Addressing Problems -- Follow-up Visit -- GATHERING INFORMATION -- History-Sample Questions -- General -- Discomforts -- Dietary Practices -- Supplements -- Behavioral Changes -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Evaluation -- EXPLANATIONS -- History -- Discomforts -- Dietary Practices -- Supplements -- Behavioral Changes -- Physical Examination.

Laboratory Evaluation -- BASIC GUIDANCE -- General -- Weight -- Diet and the Avoidance of Harmful Substances -- Promotion of Breastfeeding -- ADDRESSING PROBLEMS -- Low Intake of Fluids and Foods -- Inadequate Nutrient Intake -- Inappropriate Weight Gain -- Anemia -- Side Effects from Iron Supplements -- Positive Glucose Screen -- Pica -- Bed Rest -- 5 Postpartum Visits -- CHECKLIST -- In the Hospital -- Gathering Information -- Basic Guidance -- Addressing Problems -- Early Pediatric Visit-Maternal Issues -- Gathering Information -- Basic Guidance -- Visit at 4 to 6 Weeks Post Partum -- Gathering Information -- Basic Guidance -- Addressing Problems -- Postpartum Visits -- POSTPARTUM NUTRITIONAL CARE IN THE HOSPITAL -- Gathering Information -- History-Sample Questions -- General -- Breastfeeding -- Explanations -- Basic Guidance -- All Women -- Diet -- Discharge Advice -- Breastfeeding Women -- Initiating Breastfeeding -- Diet -- Discharge Advice -- Addressing Problems -- All Women -- Suspected Difficulty in Obtaining Adequate Food -- Postpartum Anemia -- Breastfeeding Women -- Lack of Support for Breastfeeding -- Low Birth Weight Baby or Other Neonatal Complications -- Cesarean Delivery -- Breast Surgery or Anatomical Variants -- Smoking and Use of Contraindicated Drugs -- EARLY PEDIATRIC VISIT -- Gathering Information -- Physical Examination -- History-Sample Questions -- General -- Breastfeeding Experience -- Future Plans -- Explanations -- Physical Examination -- General -- Breastfeeding Experience -- Basic Guidance -- Addressing Problems -- VISIT AT 4 TO 6 WEEKS POST PARTUM -- Gathering Information -- History-Sample Questions -- General -- Diet and Weight -- Breastfeeding -- Physical Examination -- Explanations -- History -- General -- Diet and Weight -- Breastfeeding -- Physical Examination -- Basic Guidance -- All Women -- Breastfeeding Women.

Addressing Problems -- Weight Problems -- Restrictive Food Practices During Lactation -- Glucose Intolerance -- Use of Harmful Substances -- II Supplementary Information -- 6 General Strategies for Providing Effective Nutritional Care -- ESSENTIAL STEPS FOR PATIENT EDUCATION -- RESPONDING TO DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES -- SERVING CULTURALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS* -- EXTENDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRITION EDUCATION THROUGH TRAINED PEER COUNSELORS -- 7 Dietary Assessment and Guidance -- STANDARD APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING INTAKE -- SELECTING AN APPROACH FOR DIETARY ASSESSMENT -- TIPS FOR DIETARY GUIDANCE -- 8 Assessing Weight Change -- PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS -- Weight -- Height -- Quality Control Measures -- PROMOTING WEIGHT GAIN -- Identify the Cause of Low Weight Gain -- Find Solutions -- PROMOTING A LOWER RATE OF WEIGHT GAIN -- 9 Nutrient Supplementation -- IDENTIFYING ANEMIA -- Blood Sampling -- Criteria for Anemia -- INDICATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL TESTING -- IRON SUPPLEMENTS -- SUGGESTED CONTENT OF PRENATAL VITAMIN/MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS -- 10 Nutrition Referrals and Resources -- REFERRAL TO A REGISTERED DIETITIAN -- ELIGIBILITY FOR FEDERAL FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM BENEFITS -- REFERRAL TO WIC -- HEALTH SERVICES RESOURCES -- SELECTING AND USING EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS -- SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT NUTRITIONAL CARE DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD -- General -- Examples of Prenatal Nutrition Materials Suitable for Adolescents or Young Adults -- Examples of Materials for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus -- Information About Drugs -- Information About Smoking Cessation Programs -- Information About Breastfeeding -- EXAMPLES OF BREASTFEEDING PROJECTS TO ASSIST HEALTH PROFESSIONALS -- References -- Index.