Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Dedication -- Preface: Human Security in a Global Economy -- List of Boxes and Tables -- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- PART ONE: The Human Security Challenge -- 1. Setting the Scene -- The Human Security Challenge -- Human Security -- The UNDP and Human Security -- Human Security: Looking Forward -- Poverty and Inequality: A Cause for Concern -- Neoliberal Development -- Global Governance: In Whose Interest? -- The Structure of the Book -- 2. Mapping Inequality -- Interstate Polarisation -- Intrastate Polarisation -- Mapping the World's Producers -- Mapping precarious workers -- Mapping the marginalised -- Polarisation in the Corporate Sector -- Conclusion -- 3. Ideas About Development -- Development History: Orthodox and Alternative Approaches -- The Orthodox Approach -- An Alternative Approach -- Neoliberal Ideas: The Washington Consensus -- The Spread of Neoliberalism -- Neoliberalism Expands through the IFIs -- Global Conferences Lend Legitimacy to Neoliberalism -- Transnational Corporations (TNCs) -- Neoliberal Universalism under Fire -- Peasant Protest -- State and Regional Resistance -- Global-Level Resistance -- Conclusion -- PART TWO: Global Development Practice in the 1980s and 1990s -- 4. The Reform of National Economies -- The Role of the IMF and the World Bank -- Evaluating the Social and Economic Impact of Adjustment -- The Reformers Assessment -- The Transformers ' Assessment -- The IMF and the World Bank Respond -- The IMF, the HIPC and the PRGF -- A Greater Proportion of Lending for the Poor -- The Resilience of Neoliberal Development Ideology -- Conclusion -- 5. Liberalisation of Trade, Finance and Investment -- Trade Liberalisation -- Trade Liberalisation at the Global Level: From GATT to WTO -- The GATT Uruguay Round and the WTO -- Regional- Level Trade Liberalisation: NAFTA.

Sectoral Trade Liberalisation: The Case of Food -- The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) -- Financial Liberalisation -- Private Finance Soars -- The role of the IMF -- Public Finance Dwindles -- Broken promises -- Tied aid and export credit agencies -- Investment Liberalisation -- TNCs:Growing Investor Power -- Developed Countries Seek a Global Investment Agreement -- The Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) -- Concerns About Investment Liberalisation -- Do anticipated benefits of FDI accrue? -- Concerns about TNCs as providers of national welfare -- Conclusion -- PART THREE: Development Pathways for Human Security in the Twenty-first Century -- 6. The Reformist Pathway for the Twenty first Century -- Reformists Push the Neoliberal Trade Agenda -- A Proposed New Trade Round -- Reformers Work to Broaden the Appeal of Trade Liberalisation -- Reformists Push the Neoliberal Finance Agenda -- Recasting the Roles of the IMF and the World Bank: Summers versus Meltzer -- Private Regulation of Private Finance -- Broadening Ownership by Expanding Representation -- Reformists Push the Neoliberal Investment Agenda -- Partnerships -- Voluntary,Private Codes of Conduct -- ISO Standards -- Other Voluntary Guidelines -- Assessment -- Conclusion: The Reformist Pathway Business as Usual -- 7. Towards an Alternative Pathway for the Twenty-first Century -- Alternative Ideas -- Core Values -- Pursuing the Vision: Short- term Modification, Long- term Transformation -- Investment: Regulation is the Path Ahead -- A mandatory global code of conduct -- Trade: Making it Fair -- Fair trade -- Ethical trade -- Regional action -- Global action:an international speculation tax -- Democratising Global Governance -- Conclusion -- References and Bibliography -- Index -- accountability -- 84 -- 110 -- 124 -- accountability, -- 14 -- 50 -- acquisitions.

24 -- 32-3 -- Action Aid 36 -- Adam Smith Institute 42 -- ADB -- 28 -- 43 -- 56 -- Africa -- 5 -- 56 -- 88 -- AFTA 49 -- Agenda -- 21 -- 46 -- agenda-setting, 8 -- agenda-setting, 46 -- Agreement on Agriculture 76 -- agriculture -- 47 -- 70 -- 71 -- 76 -- aid 83-4 -- alternative pathway -- 22 -- 94-127 -- American Express 66 -- AMF 122 -- Amnesty International 87 -- Anglo-Saxon -- 33 -- 71 -- Angola 43 -- anti-racist movements 50 -- APEC -- 49 -- 73 -- aquaculture 48 -- AsDB -- 43 -- 66 -- ASEAN 49 -- Asia -- 28 -- 86 -- AT&T 115 -- AT&T/TCI 33 -- Australia -- 49 -- 86 -- Axworthy, L. 6 -- Bangalore 29 -- Bangladesh 66 -- Bank America 79 -- Bankhaus Herstatt 81 -- base ecclesiastical communities 36 -- basic needs -- 37 -- 44 -- Basle Capital Accord 81 -- Basle Committee 79 -- BBC 10 -- Beijing Conference 16 -- Belgium 81 -- Bell Atlantic/GTE 33 -- Berlin Wall 41 -- billionaires -- 24 -- 28 -- biotechnology -- 32 -- 73 -- BIS -- 15 -- 18 -- Blair, Tony 108 -- blueprint -- 13 -- 17 -- 36 -- 79 -- Bolivia 63 -- bond-rating agency 15 -- BP 88 -- BP/Amoco 33 -- Brazil -- 20 -- 27 -- 30 -- 37 -- 50 -- 64 -- 79 -- 93 102 -- Bretton Woods Project 125 -- broadcasting -- 10 -- 90 -- broken promises 81-2 -- Brunei 121 -- Burma 108 -- Burundi 118 -- Bush, George -- 36 -- 74 -- CAFOD 36 -- Cairo 16 -- Camdessus -- 3 -- 8 -- 17 -- 20 -- 55 -- 62 -- 64 -- 76 -- 93 -- 103 -- 124 -- Campaign against Hunger 36 -- Canada -- 6 -- 19 -- 49 -- 66 -- 73-5 -- 80 -- 86 -- 122 -- 124 -- capital -- controls, 120 -- controls, 121 -- markets, 77 -- movements, 122 -- speculative, 120 -- capitalism -- 11 -- 14 -- Caribbean 28 -- Cartels 70 -- caste 7 -- center of Concern 125 -- Central Europe -- 26 -- 89 -- central planning 35 -- CERDS -- 114 -- 115 -- CGAP -- 66 -- 67 -- Channel Four 10 -- charities 10 -- Chase Manhattan 66 -- Chiapas -- 32 -- 48 -- child labour 88.

children -- 12 -- 31 -- Chile -- 89 -- 115 -- 120 -- China -- 27 -- 30 -- 50 -- 66-7 -- 102 -- Christian Aid 36 -- Chrysler -- 32 -- 33 -- CIS -- 25 -- 26 -- 27 -- Citicorp 66 -- Citizen Agenda 115 -- citizen submission process 75 -- civil society -- 14 -- 50 -- 64 -- 96 -- 111 -- 123 -- civil wars 43 -- class 61 -- Clean Clothes Campaign 87 -- Clinton, Bill 74 -- Co-op 119 -- codes of conduct -- 104 -- 106 -- 115 -- coffee -- 118 -- 119 -- Cold War -- 6 -- 41 -- collectives 119 -- Colombia 88 -- commodities -- 70 -- 72 -- commons -- 31 -- 48 -- communism -- 13 -- 88 -- 110 -- communist bloc -- 10 -- 11 -- 36 -- competition policy 97 -- computers 32 -- conflicts 9 -- Congress 74 -- conservation 75 -- contagion effect 79 -- Copenhagen -- 7 -- 50 -- core -- standards, 115 -- values, 94-6 -- values, 112-14 -- workforce, 27-9 -- corporate -- 103-9 -- 114-16 -- 127 -- responsibility, 88 -- rights 85 -- rights 87 -- cosmetics 127 -- counter-hegemony 14 -- credit -- 57 -- 66-67 -- 117 -- 118 -- 119 -- crony capitalism 80 -- cross-retaliation 72 -- culture -- diversity, 112 -- specificity, 47 -- currency -- regime, 121 -- speculation, 120 -- trading, 79 -- Czech Republic 21 -- DAC -- 43 -- 82 -- 83 -- Dag Hammarskjold Foundation 37 -- Daimler -- 32 -- 33 -- Darwinism 40 -- debt -- 45 -- 46 -- 56 -- 63-4 -- 82 -- democracy -- 6 -- 7 -- 21 -- 41 -- 43 -- 44 -- 52 -- movements, 36 -- substantive, 112 -- Development -- 7 -- 44 -- development -- agenda, 3 -- agenda, 4 -- alternative, 5 -- alternative, 34-52 -- ideas, 34-52 -- market-led, 55-68 -- model, 17 -- model, 34-52 -- model, 93 -- neoliberal, 5 -- neoliberal, 93-109 -- neoliberal, 112 -- orthodoxy, 34-46 -- policy, 5 -- policy, 7 -- policy, 9 -- policy, 14 -- policy, 21 -- policy, 22 -- policy, 34-52 -- policy, 114 -- policy, 126 -- state-led, 55 -- sustainable, 14.

sustainable, 37 -- sustainable, 82 -- digital divide 29 -- Dinka 88 -- dispute settlement 72 -- distribution -- 37 -- 59 -- 62 -- 109 -- e-commerce -- 28 -- 29 -- Earth Summit 16 -- East 116 -- East Asia -- 20 -- 25 -- 27 -- 29 -- 36 -- 56 -- 67 -- 78 -- 79 -- 93 -- 121 -- Eastern bloc -- 35 -- 41 -- 81 -- Eastern Europe -- 25 -- 26 -- 27 -- 36 -- 89 -- EBNSC 104 -- EBRD -- 43 -- 84 -- ECAs -- 77 -- 83-4 -- ECLAC 89 -- ecology -- 14 -- 111 -- economic -- genocide, 60 -- protectionism, 35 -- restructuring 20 -- restructuring 32 -- restructuring 55-68 -- restructuring 89 -- sovereignty, 17 -- sovereignty, 70 -- sovereignty, 87 -- sovereignty, 115 -- economy-capitalist world 34 -- education -- 12 -- 35 -- 39 -- 65 -- 82 -- 127 -- Egypt -- 50 -- 60 -- electronics -- 72 -- 89 -- embedded liberalism -- 4 -- 35 -- 42 -- 45 -- 111 -- emerging markets -- 78 -- 83 -- employment laws 30 -- empowerment -- 44 -- 46-51 -- 67 -- 112 -- entitlement -- 7 -- 39 -- 52 -- 57 -- environment -- 3 -- 12 -- 106 -- and trade, 73-5 -- issues, 74-5 -- movements, 50 -- movements, 70 -- movements, 111 -- standards, 31 -- standards, 70 -- standards, 84 -- standards, 117 -- ESA 74-5 -- ESAF -- 56 -- 63-4 -- ESCAP -- 26 -- 28 -- ESF 63 -- ethical trade -- 117 -- 119-20 -- initiatives, 119 -- ethnicity 7 -- EU -- 71 -- 103 -- 122 -- Europe -- 19 -- 124 -- 127 -- exclusion -- 30 -- 31 -- 32 -- exit tax 121 -- expert knowledge 34 -- export agriculture 47 -- export processing zone 30 -- Exxon -- 32 -- 33 -- Fairtrade -- Foundation, 117 -- Mark, 117 -- Register, 118 -- farmers' organisations 118 -- fast-track 74 -- Federal Reserve Bank 81 -- feminisation 30 -- financial -- crisis, 26 -- crisis, 27 -- crisis, 93 -- crisis, 94 -- crisis, 110 -- deregulation, 80 -- liberalisation, 56 -- liberalisation, 69 -- liberalisation, 76-84 -- liberalisation, 90.

liberalisation, 99-103.