Figures -- Tables -- Preface -- PART I Foreign Policy Tools and Democracy Promotion -- Chapter 1 Understanding the Domestic and International Sources of Democratization: An Introduction -- Introduction -- The Relevant Literature and the Significance of the Book -- Chapter Overviews -- Chapter 2 Funding Freedom? The United States and Democracy Aid, 1988-2001 -- Introduction -- The United States and Democracy Aid -- Research Design and Data -- Results -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Economic Sanctions and International Democracy Promotion -- Introduction -- The Relevant Literature on Economic Sanctions -- Why Sanctions Hurt Democracy -- Empirical Evidence on the Sanctions-Democracy Link -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Soft Power and the Question of Democratization -- Introduction -- Methods of Analysis -- Conclusion -- PART II Nonstate Actors and Democracy Promotion -- Chapter 5 The International Monetary Fund and the Prospects for Democracy in the Developing World -- Introduction -- The IMF and the Politics of Hard Choices -- The IMF as a Strategic Actor -- Evidence -- Discussion of Findings: Caveats and Cautions -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 European Union Membership and Democracy Promotion: The Case of Turkey -- Introduction -- International Organizations, EU, and Democratization -- Democracy Promotion in Turkey -- Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Transnational NGO Activism Outside of Democracies: The Behavior and Effect of Human Rights INGOs on Political Repression and Democracy -- Introduction -- The Activities of HROs -- The Effects of HROs -- Theoretical Argument and Hypotheses -- Empirical Data/Evidence -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8 The United Nations and Democracy Promotion: Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations' Democracy Fund and Electoral Assistance Division -- Introduction.

The United Nations Democracy Fund: Its Function, Purpose, and Controversies -- Targeting Aid: Regional, Regime Type, and Postconflict Preferences -- Empirical Evidence: The Selection, Allocation, and Disbursement of UNDEF Aid -- Implications of the UNDEF Democracy Assistance Program -- The Efficacy of the UN Electoral Assistance Division -- Conclusion -- Chapter 9 Concluding Remarks: Determining How Best to Promote Democracy Using Foreign Policy Tools -- "Carrots" or "Sticks" in Democracy Promotion? -- The Growing Influence of Nonstate Actors in Democracy Promotion -- Future Research Avenues in the Study of Democracy Promotion -- References -- About the Contributors.