Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Fundamentals of open-channel flow -- 1.1 Geometric elements of open channels -- 1.2 Velocity and Discharge -- 1.3 Hydrostatic pressure -- 1.4 Mass, momentum and energy transfer in open-channel flow -- 1.4.1 Mass Transfer -- 1.4.2 Momentum Transfer -- 1.4.3 Energy Transfer -- 1.5 Open-channel flow classification -- 1.6 Conservation laws -- 1.6.1 Conservation of Mass -- 1.6.2 Conservation of Momentum -- 1.6.3 Conservation of Energy -- 1.6.4 Steady Flow Equations -- 1.6.5 Steady Spatially-Varied Flow Equations -- 1.6.6 Comparison and Use of Momentum and Energy Equations -- Chapter 2 Energy and momentum principles -- 2.1 Critical flow -- 2.1.1 Froude Number -- 2.1.2 Calculation of Critical Depth -- 2.2 Applications of energy principle for steady flow -- 2.2.1 Energy Equation -- 2.2.2 Specific Energy Diagram for Constant Discharge -- 2.2.3 Discharge Diagram for Constant Specific Energy -- 2.2.4 Specific Energy in Rectangular Channels -- 2.2.5 Choking of Flow -- 2.3 Applications of momentum principle for steady flow -- 2.3.1 Momentum Equation -- 2.3.2 Specific Momentum Diagram for Constant Discharge -- 2.3.3 Discharge Diagram for Constant Specific Momentum -- 2.3.4 Hydraulic Jump -- 2.3.5 Specific Momentum in Rectangular Channels -- 2.3.6 Hydraulic Jump in Rectangular Channels -- 2.3.7 Choking and Momentum Principle -- Chapter 3 Normal flow -- 3.1 Flow resistance -- 3.1.1 Boundary layer and flow resistance -- 3.1.2 The Darcy-Weisbach equation -- 3.1.3 The Chezy equation -- 3.1.4 The Manning formula -- 3.2 Normal flow equation -- 3.3 Normal depth calculations in uniform channels -- 3.4 Normal depth calculations in grass-lined channels -- 3.5 Normal depth calculations in riprap channels -- 3.6 Normal flow in composite channels.

3.7 Normal flow in compound channels -- Chapter 4 Gradually-varied flow -- 4.1 Classification of channels for gradually-varied flow -- 4.2 Classification of gradually-varied flow profiles -- 4.3 Significance of Froude number in gradually-varied flow calculations -- 4.4 Qualitative determination of expected gradually-varied flow profiles -- 4.5 Gradually-varied flow computations -- 4.5.1 Direct step method -- 4.5.2 Standard step method -- 4.6 Applications of gradually-varied flow -- 4.6.1 Locating hydraulic jumps -- 4.6.2 Lake and channel problems -- 4.6.3 Two-lake problems -- 4.6.4 Effect of choking on water surface profile -- 4.7 Gradually-varied flow in channel systems -- 4.8 Gradually-varied flow in natural channels -- Chapter 5 Design of open channels -- 5.1 General design considerations -- 5.2 Design of unlined channels -- 5.2.1 Maximum permissible velocity method -- 5.2.2 Tractive force method -- 5.2.3 Channel bends -- 5.3 Design of channels with flexible linings -- 5.3.1 Design of channels lined with vegetal cover -- 5.3.2 Design of riprap channels -- 5.3.3 Temporary flexible linings -- 5.4 Design of rigid boundary channels -- 5.4.1 Experience curve approach -- 5.4.2 Best hydraulic section approach -- 5.4.3 Minimum lining cost approach -- 5.5 Channel design for non-uniform flow -- Chapter 6 Hydraulic structures -- 6.1 Flow measurement structures -- 6.1.1 Sharp-crested weirs -- 6.1.2 Broad-crested weirs -- 6.1.3 Flumes -- 6.2 Culverts -- 6.2.1 Inlet control flow -- 6.2.2 Outlet control flow -- 6.2.3 Sizing of culverts -- 6.3 Overflow spillways -- 6.3.1 Shape for uncontrolled ogee crest -- 6.3.2 Discharge over an uncontrolled ogee crest -- 6.3.3 Discharge over gate-controlled ogee crests -- 6.4 Stilling basins -- 6.4.1 Position of hydraulic jump -- 6.4.2 Hydraulic jump characteristics -- 6.4.3 Standard stilling basin designs.

6.5 Channel transitions -- 6.5.1 Channel transitions for subcritical flow -- 6.5.2 Channel transitions for supercritical flow -- Chapter 7 Bridge hydraulics -- 7.1 Modeling bridge sections -- 7.1.1 Cross-section locations -- 7.1.2 Low-flow types at bridge sites -- 7.1.3 Low-flow calculations at bridge sites -- 7.1.4 High-flow calculations at bridge sites -- 7.2 Evaluating scour at bridges -- 7.2.1 Contraction scour -- 7.2.2 Local scour at piers -- 7.2.3 Local scour at abutments -- Chapter 8 Introduction to unsteady open-channel flow -- 8.1 Governing equations -- 8.2 Numerical solution methods -- 8.2.1 Explicit finite difference schemes -- 8.2.2 Implicit finite difference schemes -- 8.2.3 Special considerations -- 8.2.4 Channel systems -- 8.3 Approximate unsteady-flow models -- 8.3.1 Diffusion-wave model for unsteady flow -- 8.3.2 Finite difference equations -- 8.3.3 Solution of finite difference equations -- 8.4 Simple channel-routing methods -- 8.4.1 The Muskingum method -- 8.4.2 The Muskingum-Cunge method -- Index.