LANGUAGE CONTACT AND LANGUAGE CONFLICT -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Part I: Theoretical orientations: The interaction of language and culture -- Radical cultural difference: Anthropology's myth? -- Notes -- References -- Culture, cognition, and grammar -- 1. General considerations -- 1.1. Locus of language and culture -- 1.2. A cyclic model -- 1.3. Degrees of dependence -- 1.4. Overlap vs. inclusion -- 2. Linguistic structure -- 2.1. Lexicon and grammar -- 2. 2 Culture in grammar -- 3. Summary -- Bibliography -- Areal influence on grammaticalization -- 1.Introduction -- 2. Comparative constructions -- 2.1. Event schemas -- 2.2. Propositional structures -- 3. Areal characteristics -- 4. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 'Cultural scripts': A new approach to the study of cross-cultural communication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Introducing cultural scripts -- 2.1. Linguistic evidence for cultural norms: The Japanese particle -- 2.2. Linguistic evidence for cultural norms: English tag questions -- 2.3. Disagreement Polish style: Preference for the acute angle -- 3. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Language and cross-cultural communication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cultural interference in communication -- 3. Verbal communication and cultural conflict -- 4. Implications of intercultural communication -- References -- Communication disruptions: On benefits and disadvantages of language contact -- 1. Multiculturality -- 1.1. The present state of multicultural affairs -- 1.2. Interculturality as biography -- 1.3. History of migration -- 2. Language contact -- 2.1. Between euphoria and isolation -- 2.2. A short typology of language contact -- 2.3. Some consequences of language contact -- 3. Identity and loss -- 3.1. Language functions.

3.2. Language contact - too much to expect? -- 4. Disruption and integration -- Notes -- References -- Part II: Case studies: The manipulation of languagein intercultural contact -- European languages in African society and culture: A view on cultural authenticity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A theoretical perception on language and society -- 2.2. A notion of cultural authenticity -- 3. Cultural structures and language behaviour -- 4. 'Indigenization' of English and French as creation of open structures -- 4.1. The authentic roles of English and French in a historical process -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- The context of language planning in Africa: An illustration with Nigeria -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Language planning decisions -- 3. Types of context germane to language planning decisions in Africa -- 3.1. The language context -- 3.2. The socio-political context -- 3.3. The psychological context -- 3.4. The administrative/political context -- 3.5. The educational context -- 3.6. General trends in language planning policy options in multilingual nations -- 3.7. Some traits of a forward-looking language planning policy for a multilingual context -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- A prognosis for language management in the Third Republic -- 1. Language planning models and modules -- 2. The use of surveys -- 3. The triglottic configuration -- 4. Projection of language use -- 4.1. Public utilities -- 5. Language and the states -- 6. Local government areas -- 7. Prognosis of language development, beyond 1992 and the Third Republic -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Revalorizing the autochthonous languages of Africa -- 1. The problem -- 2. Why should the autochthonous languages be promoted? -- 3. Do African leaders support the revalorization of the autochthonous languages? -- 4. How should the autochthonous languages be revalorized?.

4.1. Revalorization - a definition -- 4.2. Status planning -- 4.3. Corpus planning -- 4.4. Summary -- 5. Problems with language revalorization in African states -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Cultural variation in the interrelation of speech acts and turn-taking -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Data -- 1.1. -- 1.2. -- 2. The 'paradigms' -- 3. Speech acts -- 4. Turn-taking -- Notes -- References -- Intercultural contact and communication in South-east Papua New Guinea -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The area -- 2. Pre-colonial period -- 2.1. Strategy 1: the use of non-verbal communication -- 2.2 Strategy 2: learning one another's languages -- 2.3. Strategy 3: the use of a third common language as lingua franca -- 2.4. Strategy 4: the development of an auxiliary language as lingua franca -- 3. Colonial period -- 4. Post-colonial period -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Towards an independent and ethnically pure Flanders -- 1. Another break-through of the extreme right in Flanders -- 2. Confusion on all sides -- 3. One's own people first, and the migrants out -- 4. Figures concerning foreigners in Flanders -- 5. Belgium, the arch-enemy -- 6. Epilogue -- Bibliography -- Subject Index.