Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class.
Başlık:
Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class.
Yazar:
Ferreira, Francisco H.G.
ISBN:
9780821397237
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 online resource (240 pages)
İçerik:
Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- A middle-income region on the way to becoming a middle-class region -- Within generations, remarkable upward mobility -- Across generations, mobility remains low -- A snapshot of the Latin American middle class -- The middle class and the social contract -- Notes -- References -- 1 Introduction -- Latin American "climbers" and "stayers" -- The broad context -- Pursuing the questions -- Notes -- References -- 2 Economic Mobility and the Middle Class: Concepts and Measurement -- Spaces, domains, and concepts of economic mobility -- Defining the middle class -- Linking mobility and middle-class dynamics: A matrix decomposition -- Notes -- References -- 3 Mobility across Generations -- Educational attainment: How important is parental background? -- The importance of educational achievement -- From educational to income mobility -- Policies and intergenerational educational mobility -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Mobility within Generations -- Using synthetic panels to study long-term mobility -- Income mobility in Latin America: The past two decades -- Unravelling the box: Exiting poverty and entering the middle class -- Mobility profiles: Insights for policy -- Concluding remarks -- Annex 4.1 Data used for intragenerational mobility estimates -- Annex 4.2 Regional and country intragenerational mobility estimates and decomposition using synthetic panels -- Notes -- References -- 5 The Rising Latin American and Caribbean Middle Class -- The middle class in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Recent middle-class growth trends -- Forecasts for poverty reduction and middle-class growth -- Who is middle class in Latin America and the Caribbean? -- Broad class profiles from three exemplar countries.
Middle-class characteristics, selected countries -- References -- 6 The Middle Class and the Social Contract in Latin America -- The middle class and the shaping of economic policy -- Values and beliefs of the Latin American middle classes -- Overcoming a fragmented social contract -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Figures -- Focus Notes -- Tables -- Back Cover.
Özet:
After decades of stagnation, the size of Latin America's middle class recently expanded to the point where, for the first time ever, the number of people in poverty is equal to the size of the middle class. This volume investigates the nature, determinants and possible consequences of this remarkable process of social transformation. We propose an original definition of the middle class, tailor-made for Latin America, centered on the concept of economic security and thus a low probability of falling into poverty. Given our definition of the middle class, there are four, not three, classes in Latin America. Sandwiched between the poor and the middle class there lies a large group of people who appear to make ends meet well enough, but do not enjoy the economic security that would be required for membership of the middle class. We call this group the 'vulnerable'. In an almost mechanical sense, these transformations in Latin America reflect both economic growth and declining inequality in over the period. We adopt a measure of mobility that decomposes the 'gainers' and 'losers' in society by social class of each household. The continent has experienced a large amount of churning over the last 15 years, at least 43% of all Latin Americans changed social classes between the mid 1990s and the end of the 2000s. Despite the upward mobility trend, intergenerational mobility, a better proxy for inequality of opportunity, remains stagnant. Educational achievement and attainment remain to be strongly dependent upon parental education levels. Despite the recent growth in pro-poor programs, the middle class has benefited disproportionally from social security transfers and are increasingly opting out from government services. Central to the region's prospects of continued progress will be its ability to harness the new middle class into a new, more inclusive
social contract, where the better-off pay their fair share of taxes, and demand improved public services.
Notlar:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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