Water Transfers in the West -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- THIRD PARTY IMPACTS AND OPPORTUNITIES -- ASSESSING WATER TRANSFERS AND THEIR EFFECTS -- THE ROLE OF LAW IN THE TRANSFER PROCESS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Water Transfer Opportunities -- State and Tribal Authority -- The Costs of Transfers -- Area-of-Origin Impacts -- The Public Interest -- Environmental Impacts -- The Unique Interests of Indian and Hispanic Communities -- Transfers on Indian Reservations -- Water Salvage Laws -- Water Quality-Water Quantity and Surface-Ground Water Interrelationships -- Federal Policy -- BALANCING EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY -- 1 Pressures for Change -- THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT -- WHY WATER TRANSFERS OCCUR IN THE WEST -- CHANGING DEMANDS -- SOME RECENT TRANSFERS -- TYPES OF WATER TRANSFER OPPORTUNITIES -- Water Leases -- Water Banks -- Dry Year Option Arrangements -- THE CASE FOR TRANSFERS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Third Party Impacts and Opportunities -- PROTECTING THIRD PARTIES -- RURAL COMMUNITIES -- Economic and Fiscal Impacts -- Environmental Effects of Retiring Irrigated Farmland -- A Cautionary Note on Area-of-Origin Protection -- AVAILABILITY OF WATER FOR AGRICULTURE -- ETHNIC COMMUNITIES -- TRIBES AS SOVEREIGN GOVERNMENTS -- ECOSYSTEMS -- INSTREAM FLOWS AND RELATED BENEFITS -- WATER QUALITY -- URBAN INTERESTS -- FEDERAL TAXPAYERS -- OPPORTUNITIES -- REFERENCES -- 3 The Role of Law in the Transfer Process -- STATE WATER ALLOCATION LAWS -- The No Injury Rule -- Historical Use Limitation -- Appurtenancy Restrictions -- Basin-of-Origin Protection -- Public Interest Review -- Instream Flow Protection -- Water Salvage Laws -- OTHER STATE LAWS -- Water Quality -- Land Use -- Environmental Impact -- Soil Conservation -- FEDERAL RECLAMATION LAW -- FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS -- FEDERAL AND INDIAN RESERVED RIGHTS -- The Winters Doctrine.

Application to Federal Lands -- Priority of Reserved Rights -- Quantification of Reserved Rights -- Transferability of Indian Reserved Rights -- SPECIAL DISTRICT LAWS AND STATE LAW RESTRAINTS -- OPTIONS FOR IMPROVING WATER LAW AND POLICY -- Public Interest Review Processes -- Impact Assessment -- Comprehensive Planning -- Judicial Public Trust Doctrine -- Clean Water Act, Section 404 -- Ad Hoc Negotiation -- Other Legislation -- REFERENCES -- 4 Assessing Water Transfers and Their Effects: An Introduction to the Case Studies -- ELEMENTS OF THE EVALUATION SYSTEM -- Transfer Characteristics -- Third Party Interests -- Nature of Third Party Effects -- INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE STUDIES -- CRITICAL ISSUES -- Area-of-Origin Protection -- Instream Uses -- REFERENCES -- 5 The Truckee-Carson Basins in Nevada: Indian Tribes and Wildlife Concerns Shape a Reallocation… -- THE SETTING -- THE WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM -- HOW WATER LAW HAS DEFINED RIGHTS AND CONSTRAINED REALLOCATION IN THE TRUCKEE-CARSON BASINS -- The Initial Allocation -- Principal Interests in Water Reallocation Through Transfers -- TRIBAL INTERESTS AND ENDANGERED SPECIES IN PYRAMID LAKE -- URBAN GROWTH IN THE TRUCKEE MEADOWS AREA -- WETLAND ECOSYSTEM MAINTENANCE IN THE LAHONTAN VALLEY -- RECENT AND PLANNED TRANSFERS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Colorado Front Range-Arkansas River Valley: Interconnected Water Sources -- THE SETTING -- Arkansas River Basin -- South Platte River Basin -- Areas of Origin for Transmountain Diversions -- MAJOR WATER TRANSFER PROJECTS -- Colorado-Big Thompson Project and Windy Gap Project -- Arkansas River Basin Projects -- Infrastructural Differences Between NCWCD and SCWCD Projects -- INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CURRENT WATER TRANSFERS AND WATER MARKETING -- Northeastern Colorado -- Southeastern Colorado -- FUTURE TRANSBASIN DIVERSIONS.

THIRD PARTY IMPACTS -- Socioeconomic Impacts -- AGRICULTURAL SECTOR -- RURAL COMMUNITIES -- MINORITIES -- Environmental Impacts -- INSTREAM VALUES -- CONCLUSIONS -- Water Rights Transfers -- Water Resource Planning and Management -- REFERENCES -- 7 Northern New Mexico: Differing Notions of Water, Property, and Community -- THE SETTING -- Physical Setting -- UPPER RIO GRANDE -- RIO CHAMA -- MIDDLE RIO GRANDE -- Institutional and Legal Setting -- COLONIAL SPANISH LAW -- THE RIO GRANDE COMPACTS OF 1938 -- THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE CONSERVANCY DISTRICT -- Economic Setting -- AGRICULTURE AND EMPLOYMENT -- THIRD PARTY IMPACTS -- Types of Water Transfers -- Impacts on Community and Environmental Values -- THE ACEQUIA COMMUNITIES -- INDIAN COMMUNITIES -- INSTREAM FLOW -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 The Yakima Basin in Washington: Will Transfers Occur Without Judicial or Legislative Pressures? -- THE SETTING -- THIRD PARTY IMPACTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Central Arizona: The Endless Search for New Supplies to Water the Desert -- THE SETTING -- WATER INSTITUTIONS -- THIRD PARTY IMPACTS -- Surface and Ground Water Transfers and Their Social and Environmental Effects -- Effects of Transfers of Sewage Effluent -- Effects of Transfers of Indian Water Rights -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 California's Central Valley: Fear and Loathing in Potential Water Markets -- THE SETTING -- WATER INSTITUTIONS -- THIRD PARTY IMPACTS -- Areas of Origin -- Environment -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 California's Imperial Valley: A "Win-Win" Transfer? -- THE SETTING -- LEGAL BACKGROUND -- THE IID-TO-MWD TRANSFER NEGOTIATIONS -- THE 1989 WATER CONSERVATION AGREEMENTS -- THIRD PARTY IMPACTS -- FUTURE AGREEMENTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 12 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CRITICAL ISSUES -- Area-of-Origin Protection -- Instream Uses -- Transaction Costs.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusion 1: Water transfers can promote the efficient reallocation of water while protecting other water-dependent values… -- RECOMMENDATION: -- Conclusion 2: State and tribal governments have primary authority and responsibility for enabling and regulating water… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 3: Water transfer law and policies should be designed to consider the interests of the trading partners, third… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 4: Water transfers between basins should be evaluated to determine and account for the special impacts on… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 5: Public interest considerations should be included among the third party issues and legal Provisions for… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 6: Environmental impacts can and should be considered by state, tribal, and federal agencies when potential water… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 7: Traditional Indian and Hispanic communities have unique interests relating to water transfer policies, and… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 8: Tribal governments should consider special factors in approving and administering water transfers on their… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 9: Water laws should be enacted to promote water conservation and salvage while protecting third party interests. -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 10: Water transfer reviews should consider the interrelationships between water quality and also between surface… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Conclusion 11: Federal legislative and administrative policies should more clearly support federal water transfers while… -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- Appendix A Glossary -- Appendix B Acknowledgments of Case Study Participants -- TRUCKEE-CARSON BASINS IN NEVADA -- COLORADO FRONT RANGE AND ARKANSAS RIVER VALLEY -- NORTHERN NEW MEXICO -- THE YAKIMA BASIN IN WASHINGTON -- CENTRAL ARIZONA.

CALIFORNIA'S CENTRAL VALLEY -- CALIFORNIA'S IMPERIAL IRRIGATION DISTRICT AND METROPOLITAN WATER DISTRICT -- Appendix C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff -- Index.