Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Introduction: empiricism and rationalism -- 1 Locke, knowledge and the innate -- Locke on innate knowledge -- Locke's new way of ideas -- Knowledge and real existence -- Nominal and real essences -- Summary -- 2 Berkeley's defence of idealism -- Berkeley's arguments -- Some misconceptions -- The attack on Locke -- Summary -- 3 Induction and Hume's empiricism -- Hume's Treatise and first Enquiry -- The defence of empiricism -- The problem of induction -- Hume's "skeptical solution" -- The nature of causation -- Summary -- 4 Foundations and empiricism -- Foundations and its alternatives -- Acquaintance, appearing and the given -- The myth of the given -- Reliability and Sellars's coherence theory -- Foundations and coherence -- Summary -- 5 Empiricism and the a priori -- Necessity, the analytic and the a priori -- Varieties of empiricism -- The notion of the a priori -- Objections to the a priori -- Is the a priori indispensable? -- Summary -- 6 Empiricism and skepticism -- Skepticism, fallibilism and empiricism -- Locke and the veil of perception -- Some metaphysical alternatives -- The general problem of the external world -- Induction, perception and memory -- Further problems: the new riddle -- Empiricism and common sense -- Summary -- 7 Empiricism and religious belief -- The argument from design -- Hume's criticisms -- Chance and design -- Faith, reason and miracles -- Hume and miracles -- The argument from religious experience -- Summary -- Conclusion: naturalism and empiricism -- Questions for discussion and revision -- Further reading -- References -- Index.