Variation and Change in Spoken and Written Discourse -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Overview of the chapters -- Part I. Corpus analysis of spoken dialogue -- Section I. Variation and academic dialogue -- 1. Speaking professionally in an L2 - Issues of corpus methodology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. The ELFA corpus -- 3.1 Setting-related choices -- 3.2 Speaker-related choices -- 4. Using corpora of professional speaking -- 4.1 Starting by brainstorming -- 4.2 Starting by listing -- 4.3 Starting by reading transcripts -- 5. Issues of comparability -- 5.1 External comparability -- 5.2 Internal comparability -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Corpora referred to -- 2. Common features and variations in the use of personal pronouns -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corpus -- 3. Findings -- 3.1 Comparing frequency of the use of "I", "we" and "you" and their possessive and object forms -- 3.2 Collocates of "we", "I" and "you" -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Section II. Dialogue in spoken and written business discourse -- 3. Variation across spoken and written registers in internal corporate communication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Business data -- 3. Method -- 4. The analysis -- 4.1 Nominalization in the power point corpus -- 4.2 Text structure and organization in the oral presentation -- 4.3 Visual and spatial imagery: A feature of spontaneous speech in multimodal discourse -- 4.4 The "conversationalization" of written communication -- 5. Corporate messaging networks: Identity and image in "employer branding" -- 6. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- 4. Using grammatical tagging to explore spoken/written variation in small specialized corpora -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Financial disclosure -- 3. Materials and methods -- 3.1 The corpora.

3.2 Methodology -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 Lexical density -- 4.2 Evaluative adjectives -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Section III. Dialogic variation and language varieties -- 5. Exploring regional variation in Italian question intonation: A corpus-based study -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and method -- 2.1 Corpus -- 2.2 Pragmatic analysis of yes-no questions -- 2.3 Intonation analysis -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Yes-no question intonation in the Northern Italian varieties -- 3.2 Yes-no question intonation in the Central Italian varieties -- 3.3 Yes-no question intonation in the Southern Italian varieties -- 3.4 Discussion -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6. Estonian emotional speech corpus: Content and options -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Emotion recognition from voice -- 3. Creation of the Estonian emotional speech corpus -- 4. Materials and methods -- 5. Listening and reading results -- 6. Corpus data -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 7. Using movie corpora to explore spoken American English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Framework and methodology -- 3. Multi-dimensional analysis -- 4. A teaching experiment with movies -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 8. "But that's dialect, isn't it?" Exploring geographical variation in the SCOTS corpus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The SCOTS corpus -- 3. Quantitative approaches -- 4. Qualitative approaches -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Web resources -- Part II. Using corpora to analyse written discourse: A diachronic perspective -- Section I. Diachronic approaches to historical corpora -- 9. Variation in the language of London newspapers: January 1701 -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Newspaper texts in Modern English corpora -- 1.2 Newspaper texts in historical corpora -- 2. The ZEN corpus -- 2.1 The ZEN corpus 2006 -- 2.2 Expanding the ZEN corpus.

3. Aspects of early newspaper language -- 3.1 Text classes -- 3.2 Quality vs. popular papers -- 4. Newspapers in 1701 -- 4.1 Establishing a corpus of foreign news -- 4.2 Newspaper profiles for 1701 -- 5. Variation in newspapers of January 1701 -- 5.1 Variation in morphology -- 5.2 Variation in text-linguistic features -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- List of corpora and collections of early English newspaper texts -- 10. From letters to guidebooks: Ruskin's Mornings in Florence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodological approach -- 3. Data and content -- 4. Procedure and findings -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 11. Justificatory arguments in writing on art -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Analysis -- 4. Observations -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- 12. Analysing discourse in research genre: The case of biostatistics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 3. Language policy in the development of experimental reports -- 3.1 John Graunt's Natural and Political Observations made upon the Bills of Mortality -- 4. The evolution of modern and contemporary scientific prose -- 4.1 Analysing language and discourse in Fisher's prose -- 4.2 Language and discourse in a contemporary specialised text -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Section ii. Diachronic methodologies and language change -- 13.A diachronic corpus-based study of the demonstrative 'this' in tourism research article abstracts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Variation in academic genres -- 3. Tourism studies -- 4. Materials and methods -- 5. Results -- 6. Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 14. Changing trends in Italian newspaper language: A diachronic, corpus-based study -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Non-homogeneity of newspaper language -- 3. The search for "animation" -- 4. Materials and methods -- 5. Findings -- 5.1 Dislocations.

5.2 Sentence-initial connectives -- 5.3 Measures of structural complexity -- 6. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 15. A corpus-based analysis of some time-related aspects of contemporary Japanese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corpora and method -- 2.1 Corpora -- 2.2 Method -- 3. Diachronic changes of the grammar of contemporary Japanese -- 3.1 The morphology of the verb suru -- 3.2 The selection of the adjectivalizing suffixes -na and -no -- 3.3 The permissive construction V sasete itadaku -- 4. Seasonal changes in the use frequency of vocabulary items -- 4.1 Terms for referring to {last/this/next} year -- 4.2 Terms denoting the four seasons -- 4.3 Adjectives of temperature -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- It's always the same old news! A diachronic analysis of shifting newspaper language style, 1993-2005 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research questions -- 3. Methodology -- 4. Corpora -- 5. Analysis -- 5.1 Honorifics -- 5.2 'Taboo' language -- 5.3 Pronouns -- 5.4 Contracted forms -- 5.5 Quoted utterances -- 6. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Name index -- Subject index.