Democratization in Africa: African Views, African Voices -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Background and Purpose of the Workshops -- 1 The Movement Toward Democracy in Africa -- IMPACT OF NEW EXTERNAL ACTORS -- COLONIAL LEGACY AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICAN SOCIETIES -- DEMOCRACY AND AFRICAN VALUES -- POLITICAL LIBERALIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION -- 2 Transitions to Democracy in Africa -- MODES OF TRANSITION IN AFRICA -- FUNDAMENTAL CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS -- The Cult of Personality -- Zero-Sum Politics -- The Military -- Managing Ethnicity -- The Role of Women -- PRECONDITIONS FOR DEMOCRACY -- Legal Order and Basic Rights -- Values of Democracy -- Competent State -- ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY -- Committed Minority -- Courage -- 3 Democracy and Governance in Africa -- GOVERNANCE AND AFRICAN POLITICS -- POPULAR PARTICIPATION -- NEED FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY -- CORRUPTION -- FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS -- DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVOLUTION OF POWER -- MODES OF REPRESENTATION -- 4 Institutions Needed to Sustain Democracy -- CONSTITUTIONS -- RECONSTITUTING THE MILITARY -- INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONS -- TRANSNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CENTER -- 5 Role of Extra-African Forces in Democratization -- PROBLEMS WITH AID IN AFRICA -- CHALLENGES FACED BY AFRICAN COUNTRIES -- ROLE OF DONORS IN DEMOCRATIZATION -- Assisting Political Change -- Removal of Dictators -- Reduction of Military Assistance -- Promotion of Civic Groups -- Improving Economic Conditions in Africa -- Forgiving Debt -- Reducing Western Trade Protectionism -- Instituting Fiscal Reforms -- Targeting Human Development -- Capital Flight -- Assistance with Institutional Change -- Constitutions -- Critical National Institutions -- The Press -- Civil Service -- Electoral Systems -- Greater Utilization of African Talent.

Inter-African Exchange of Information on Democratization -- Inter-African Cooperation -- Conclusion: Role of Africans in the Democratization Process -- Appendix Workshop Participants -- WORKSHOP I: COTONOU, BENIN -- WORKSHOP II: ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA -- WORKSHOP III: WINDHOEK, NAMIBIA -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF.