COUNSELING HISPANICS THROUGH LOSS, GRIEF, AND BEREAVEMENT -- Half Title Page -- Authors Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- WHY DO YOU NEED THIS BOOK, AND HOW CAN IT HELP? -- WHAT ARE THE PREMISES OF THIS BOOK? -- HOW THIS BOOK STARTED -- THE PURPOSE OF THIS BOOK -- WHAT THIS BOOK DOES AND DOES NOT OFFER -- HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED -- MY OWN STORY -- AWARENESS, HOPE, AND TRANSFORMATION -- Acknowledgments -- PART I: The Sociocultural Aspects of Hispanic Culture -- CHAPTER 1: Counseling and Cultural Sensitivity -- CULTURALLY SENSITIVE COUNSELING -- Communication -- Personal Space -- Social Organization -- Environmental Control -- COUNSELING GRIEVING HISPANICS -- Dimensions of Personality Identity -- SPECIAL ISSUES TO CONSIDER WHEN COUNSELING HISPANICS -- Lack of Communication and/or a Language Barrier -- Biased Interpretations of Rituals and Traditions -- Cultural Differences in Physical Social Distance -- Lack of, or Inadequate, Multicultural Training for Counselors -- THE COUNSELOR'S APPROACH -- QUALITIES OF A SENSITIVE COUNSELOR -- Helping the Client to Have Hope -- Showing Compassion -- Offering Empathy -- THE COUNSELOR AS A TRANSFORMATIVE AGENT -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- CHAPTER 2: Exploring a Culture: Hispanics and Their Heritage -- HISPANIC OR LATINO/A: EXPLORING THE DIFFERENCE -- CHARACTERISTICS OF HISPANICS/LATINOS -- ACCULTURATION AND ASSIMILATION OF HISPANICS -- DIFFERENCES WITHIN CULTURAL GROUPS -- Mexican Americans -- Cuban Americans -- Puerto Ricans -- Central Americans -- South Americans -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- CHAPTER 3: Sociocultural Perspectives on Hispanics -- HISPANIC IDENTITY, VALUES, AND TRADITIONS -- Familismo -- Family Values -- The Role of Grandmothers in the Hispanic Family.

Communication Among Hispanics -- Common Stereotypes About Hispanics -- Celebrations and Holidays -- Mourning -- How Latinos Conduct Business -- Patriarchal Family System -- Marianismo -- Machismo -- Domestic Violence -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- CHAPTER 4: Religion and Spirituality -- DEFINING RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY -- RELIGION AND HEALTH -- HISPANICS AND CATHOLICISM/PROTESTANTISM -- Devotion to the Virgin Mary -- Other Religious Rituals and Customs -- THE POWER OF PRAYER -- POPULAR RELIGION -- HISPANICS AND TRADITIONAL/FOLK RELIGIONS -- Santería -- Espiritismo -- Curanderismo -- RELIGION AT THE END OF LIFE -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- PART II: Loss and Grief -- CHAPTER 5: Hispanics and Their Losses -- THE MEANING OF LOSS -- TRAUMA FROM LOSS -- POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AFTER LOSS -- IMMIGRANTS AND SOME OF THE LOSSES THEY MAY EXPERIENCE -- LOSSES SPECIFIC TO HISPANICS WHO IMMIGRATE TO THE UNITED STATES -- Loss of Traditions -- Loss of Homeland -- Loss of Self-Esteem -- Loss of Hopes and Dreams -- Disaster and Loss -- LANGUAGE-RELATED ISSUES FOR HISPANICS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES -- Loss of Language -- Language, Communication/Translation Difficulties, and Self-Perception -- Frustrations With Acquiring a New Language, Generational Language Differences, and Resentment -- Language and Identity -- IDENTITY-RELATED ISSUES FOR HISPANICS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES -- Loss of or Diminished Self-Identity -- Economic Losses and Identity -- The Law of Identity -- Latin Women and Identity -- Identity and Race -- RACISM IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM -- THE NEWS AND ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA'S INFLUENCE ON HISPANIC SOCIAL IDENTITY -- HISPANICS DEALING WITH MULTIPLE LOSSES -- Coping Mechanisms -- Rebuilding Self-Esteem After a Loss -- Using Hispanics' Resources -- CONCLUSION -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS.

PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- CHAPTER 6: Hispanics' Health Care, Illness, and End of Life -- HISPANIC FAMILY DYNAMICS AND HEALTH CARE -- HISPANICS AND TERMINAL ILLNESS -- AIDS and Latinos -- Coping Skills of the Terminally Ill -- Caregivers and Loss -- Hospice Care -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- CHAPTER 7: Death, Dying, and Bereavement -- EXPRESSIONS OF GRIEF AND MOURNING -- HISPANIC FUNERAL TRADITIONS -- DIVERSITY BASED ON COUNTRY OF ORIGIN -- Mexico -- The Caribbean Islands -- South America -- Central America -- HISPANICS AND SUICIDE -- BEREAVEMENT SUPPORT GROUPS -- TWO CASE EXAMPLES -- Juan Carlos -- María del Carmen -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- CHAPTER 8: Grief Counseling: Different Approaches -- UNDERSTANDING GRIEF -- THE DYNAMICS OF THE GRIEVING PROCESS -- HUMAN DIMENSIONS AND MANIFESTATIONS OF GRIEF -- TYPES OF GRIEF -- Anticipatory Grief -- Disenfranchised Grief -- Complicated Grief -- HISPANICS' EXPRESSIONS OF GRIEF -- INTEGRATING ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO HEALING -- Folk Healing -- THE ROLE OF EMOTIONS IN LOSS -- REFRAMING THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOSS -- Loss of Language -- Loss of Homeland -- Loss of Self-Esteem -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- CHAPTER 9: Different Perspectives Through Various Counseling Techniques -- COUNSELING TECHNIQUES -- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy -- Positive Psychology -- Family Systems Therapy -- SPECIAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN COUNSELING GRIEVING HISPANICS -- Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships -- Social Support -- MEANING RECONSTRUCTION: TECHNIQUES TO HELP CLIENTS WORK THROUGH THEIR LOSS -- Narrative Essay -- Life Review -- History of Losses -- Scrapbooking -- Journals -- THE BODY-MIND-SPIRIT PERSPECTIVE -- Meditation -- Mindfulness -- Prayer.

THE ELEVEN PRINCIPLES OF TRANSFORMATION -- Principle I: Accept Your Loss -- Principle II: Live Your Grief -- Principle III: Go Deeper Into the Spiritual Dimension -- Principle IV: Express Your Feelings -- Principle V: Share With Others -- Principle VI: Take Care of Yourself -- Principle VII: Use Rituals -- Principle VIII: Live the Present -- Principle IX: Modify Your Thoughts -- Principle X: Rebuild Your World -- Principle XI: Visualize the Life You Want -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- PART III: Hispanic Immigrants: Are They All the Same? -- CHAPTER 10: Assessing Loss Within Hispanic Immigrant Populations -- HISPANIC SUBGROUPS AND THE EXPERIENCE OF LOSS AND GRIEF -- Hispanic Older Adults -- Refugees, Exiles, and Immigrants -- Nubia's Losses -- Milagros's Losses -- Second-Generation Immigrants -- HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS -- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS FOR THE COUNSELOR -- Conclusion: Assessing Your Understanding of Hispanics -- References -- Index.