TOWARD A CALCULUS OF MEANING -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- References -- I. Theoretical and Methodological Overview -- Phoneme and Morpheme and the Sign Nature of Language -- 1. Introduction. Phoneme versus morpheme -- 2. The phoneme: "Mere otherness" and demarcatedness -- 3. Russian semantic structure -- 3.1. Russian semantic features -- 3.2. Ordering of the features -- 3.3. -- 3.4. The Deictic Hierarchy -- 3.5. The morphemic structure of the Indo-European word -- 4. Mediacy and immediacy -- 5. Phonological distinctive features -- 6. Linguistic units and iconicity -- 6.1. The iconicity of distinctive features -- 6.2. The iconicity of phonemes -- 6.3. The morpheme and iconicity -- 6.4. The word and iconicity -- 6.5. The phrase and iconicity -- 6.6. Iconicity and the sentence -- 7. Conclusion. Language-creating Semeiosis -- 7.1. The semantic hierarchy of the signifieds in the various primal linguistic categories -- Note -- References -- Phonological Markedness and a Plea for Useful Linguistics -- References -- Remarks on the Semantic Features of Cases and Prepositions as Related to Syntax -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Czech, Polish and Russian Prepositions -- 2.1. Preposition po -- 2.2. Preposition o -- 2.3. Preposition u -- 2.4. Prepositions s,z -- 3. Towards a classification of pure and prepositional cases -- References -- The Human Factor and the Insufficiency of Invariant Meanings -- 1. The problem of the lack of convergence of analyses -- 2. The nature of language as one cause of the problem -- 3. The lack of independent controls and the challenge of Cognitive Grammar -- 4. A brief case study: the Dutch demonstrative adjectives -- 4.1. Columbia School: Meanings as instructions. -- 4.2. Cognitive Grammar: Locative prototype plus extensions.

4.3 Van Schooneveld: Universal semantic features -- 4.4 Comments -- 5. On conventionalized usage and the human factor -- 6. Towards a greater empiricism -- 7. Reprise: The human factor and insufficiency of invariant meanings -- Notes -- References -- II. Studies in Russian and Slavic Languages -- Gender and Declension Shifts in Contemporary Standard Russian: Markedness as a Semiotic Principle -- Iconicity and Diagrammatization -- Meaning and Ground: A Continuation of the Dialogue Peircean ground -- How ground and meaning differ from interpretants -- The category of symbol in its linguistic manifestations -- The Russian Suffixes {-išč(e)-}/{-išč(a)-} and {-in(a)-} -- Suffix {-in(a)-} -- Gender and Declension: Explaining the Exceptions -- Markedness Features, Gender, and Animacy -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Markedness and the Typology of Russian Verb Stems -- Notes -- References -- The Semantic Markings of Russian Verbal Suffixes -- 1. Purpose -- 2. Suffixal word formation -- 3. Van Schooneveld's conceptual features -- 4. The suffix -ej- -- 5. The suffix -nu- -- 6. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Regular and Deviant Patterns of Russian Nominal Stress and Their Relation to Markedness -- 1. Overview -- 2. Exceptions to the three-way principle -- 3. Stress patterns determined by semantic factors -- 4. Productivity and frequency -- 5. Resulting stress system -- References -- Deixisin Time and Space: The Fate of the Russian Demonstrative sej -- Excursus on the History of Pronominals in Russian -- Sej in the History of Russian -- Sej in Contemporary Standard Russian -- Antonymic collocations using sej -- Deixis and Maintenance in Sej -- References -- A Panchronic Approach to Morphological Competition in the East Slavic Substantive (Plural Paradigms) -- 1. -- 2. -- 3. -- 4. -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References.

III. Applications to Other Languages, Language Families and Aphasia -- Things' in a Noun-Class Language: Semantic Functions of Agreement in Swahili -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Noun classification and grammatical agreement in Swahili -- 3. A semantic analysis of the Swahili 'concordial' prefixes -- 4. Alternative analyses -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Markers of Association and Distance in German Reported Speech -- Notes -- References -- The Five Deictics of Lak -- Notes -- References -- Typologies of Person Categories in Slavic and Semitic -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Why Slavic and Semitic? -- 3. The Problem of Semitic taktubu -- 4. The Duals in Slavic -- 5. The Semitic Picture -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- APPENDIX 1: SAMPLE INFLECTIONS OF "MAXIMAL" SYSTEMS -- APPENDIX 2: SCHEMATIC SEMANTIC SPACE -- Invariance, Markedness and Distinctive Feature Theory: The Modern Hebrew Verb -- 1. Introduction -- 3. The Analysis -- 4. The Data: The binyan System -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- The Application of Distinctive Semantic Features to the Production and Comprehension of Locative Prepositions in Different Forms of Aphasia -- Procedure -- Non-verbal tasks -- Verbal tasks -- Results -- "Verbal repetition" and "Naming" tasks -- "Comprehension" and "Judgment" tasks -- Semantic Substitutions -- Discussion -- Efferent Motor Aphasia -- Semantic Aphasia -- Sensory Aphasia -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Name Index -- Subject Index.