Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Coil Conferences -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1: Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquids: Interface Processes, Ion Effects, and Macroporous Structures -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Results and Discussion -- 1.2.1 Purity Issues -- 1.2.2 Interfacial Layers and Scanning Probe Microscopy Studies -- 1.2.3 HOPG/[C4mpyr][NTf2] -- 1.2.4 Au(111)/[C6mim][FAP] -- 1.2.5 Au(111)/[C4mpyr][FAP] -- 1.2.6 Influence of the Cation on Aluminium Deposition -- 1.2.7 Challenges in the Making of Macroporous Materials -- 1.3 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Interfaces of Ionic Liquids (1) -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Liquid/Vacuum and Liquid/Gas Interfaces -- 2.3 Liquid/Liquid Interfaces -- 2.4 Solid/Liquid and Electrified Solid/Ionic Fluid Interfaces -- 2.5 Wetting and Electrowetting Characteristics -- 2.6 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3: Interfaces of Ionic Liquids (2) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Solid-Ionic Liquid Interface -- 3.2.1 Pure Interfaces -- 3.2.2 Mica-Ionic Liquid Interfaces -- 3.2.3 Sapphire-Ionic Liquid Interfaces -- 3.2.4 Silica-Ionic Liquid Interfaces -- 3.2.5 Graphite-Ionic Liquid Interfaces -- 3.2.6 Gold-Ionic Liquid Interfaces -- 3.2.7 Adsorption at the Solid-Ionic Liquid Interface -- 3.3 The Air-Ionic Liquid Interface -- 3.3.1 Pure Interfaces -- 3.3.2 Interfacial Layer -- 3.3.3 Transition Zone Structure -- 3.3.4 Relationship between Microscopic Structure of Air-Ionic Liquid Interfaces and Macroscopic Properties -- 3.3.5 Surfactant Adsorption at Air-Ionic Liquid Interfaces -- 3.4 Liquid-Ionic Liquid Interfaces -- 3.4.1 Pure Interfaces -- 3.4.2 Adsorption at Liquid-Ionic Liquid Interfaces and Microemulsions -- 3.5 Future Directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4: Ionic Liquids in Separation Science.

4.1 Brief History of the Development of Ionic Liquids and Polymeric Ionic Liquids in Separation Science -- 4.2 Ionic Liquids in Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Separations -- 4.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography -- 4.4 Counter-Current Chromatography -- 4.5 Ionic Liquids in Gas Chromatography -- 4.6 Ionic Liquids in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography -- 4.7 Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrochromatography -- 4.8 Planar Chromatography -- 4.9 Summary and Future Directions -- References -- 5: Separation Processes with Ionic Liquids -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Liquid Separations -- 5.2.1 Liquid-Liquid Extraction -- 5.2.2 Metal Extraction -- 5.2.3 Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- 5.2.4 Desulfurisation of Fuels -- 5.2.5 Proteins -- 5.3 Extractive Distillation -- 5.3.1 Conventional Process -- 5.3.2 Ionic Liquids in Extractive Distillation -- 5.4 Combination of Separations in the Liquid Phase with Membranes -- 5.5 Gas Separations -- 5.5.1 Conventional Processes -- 5.5.2 CO2 Separation with Standard Ionic Liquids -- 5.5.3 CO2 Separation with Functionalised Ionic Liquids -- 5.5.4 CO2 Separations with Ionic Liquid (Supported) Membranes -- 5.5.5 Olefin/Paraffin Separations with Ionic Liquids -- 5.5.6 Conclusions -- 5.6 Engineering Aspects -- 5.6.1 Equipment -- 5.6.2 Hydrodynamics -- 5.6.3 Mass Transfer -- 5.6.4 Conclusions -- 5.7 Design of a Separation Process -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 Application of COSMO-RS -- 5.7.3 Conclusions -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Theoretical Approaches to Ionic Liquids: From Past History to Future Directions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Volume-Based Approach -- 6.2.1 Thermodynamic Properties: Lattice Energy and Standard Absolute Entropy -- 6.2.2 Thermodynamic Properties: Melting Points -- 6.2.3 Thermodynamic Properties: Free Energies of Reactions.

6.2.4 Thermodynamic Properties: Heats of Formation -- 6.2.5 Thermodynamic Properties: Enthalpies of Vapourisation and Heat Capacities -- 6.2.6 Transport Properties: Conductivity and Viscosity -- 6.3 Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Methods -- 6.3.1 Multi-Linear QSPR Approach: Prediction of Melting Points -- 6.3.2 Non-Linear Machine-Leaning Methods: Prediction of Melting Points -- 6.3.3 Prediction of Transport Properties -- 6.4 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 6.4.1 What Are the Current Trends in MD Simulations? -- 6.5 Approaches From First Principles Based on ab initio and Density Functional Theory -- 6.5.1 Thermodynamic Properties: Enthalpies of Vapourisation and Vapour Pressure -- 6.5.2 Melting Point and Transport Properties, Such as Conductivity and Viscosity -- 6.6 Ab initio MD Simulations -- 6.7 Outlook: Towards Large-Scale Calculations of Ionic Liquids From First Principles -- References -- 7: Ionic Liquids Derived from Natural Sources -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Synthesis of Amino Acid Ionic Liquids -- 7.3 Physicochemical Properties -- 7.4 Amino Acid Ionic Liquids Containing Derivatised Amino Acids -- 7.4.1 Hydrophobic Amino Acid Ionic Liquids Containing Derivatised Amino Acids -- 7.4.2 Amino Acid Ionic Liquids Containing Derivatised Amino Acid Showing Lower Critical Separation Temperature Behaviour -- 7.5 Application of Amino Acid Ionic Liquids -- 7.5.1 CO2 Capture -- 7.5.2 Synthesis of N-Carboxyamino Acid Anhydrides -- 7.5.3 Catalytic Reactions Using Amino Acid Ionic Liquids -- 7.5.4 Application for Chiral Selectors -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8: Ionic Liquids Studied at Ultra-High Vacuum -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Vapour Phase -- 8.3 The Condensed Phase -- 8.3.1 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Related Techniques -- 8.3.2 Microscopy and Imaging -- 8.4 Conclusions and Opportunities for the Future.

References -- 9: Pioneering Biological Processes in the Presence of Ionic Liquids: The Potential of Filamentous Fungi -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Tolerance of Filamentous Fungi to Ionic Liquids -- 9.3 Ionic Liquid Biodegradation by Filamentous Fungi -- 9.4 The Impact of Ionic Liquids on the Metabolism of Filamentous Fungi -- 9.5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10: Use of Ionic Liquids in Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes -- 10.1.2 Anion Variations -- 10.1.3 Cation Variations -- 10.2 Ionic Liquids for Quasi-Solid State DSSCs -- 10.2.1 Polyelectrolytes -- 10.2.2 Nanocomposites -- 10.2.3 Ionic Liquid Crystals and Plastic Crystals -- 10.2.4 Alternative Redox Couples -- 10.2.5 Sensitiser Optimisation -- 10.3 Variations from "Traditional" DSSC Structures -- 10.3.1 Monolithic Cells -- 10.3.2 Alternative Counter Electrodes -- 10.4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 11: Phase Behaviour of Gases in Ionic Liquids -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Experimental Techniques -- 11.2.1 Gravimetric Methods -- 11.2.2 Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Measurements -- 11.2.3 Other Gas Solubility Techniques -- 11.2.4 Safety -- 11.3 Modelling Gas Solubility -- 11.3.1 EOS Modelling -- 11.3.2 Types of Phase Behaviour -- 11.3.3 Physical and Chemical Absorption -- 11.3.4 Ideal Association Modelling -- 11.3.5 Henry's Law Constant Modelling -- 11.3.6 Molecular Modelling -- 11.4 Ternary Phase Behaviour -- 11.5 New Directions -- 11.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.