CONTENTS -- Editors' Introduction -- Contributors -- Preface: A Literary Apostolate: John Fleming and the Franciscan Literature of the Middle Ages (D. Vance Smith) -- PART ONE FRANCISCAN EXEGESIS -- Francis of Assisi, Deacon? An Examination of the Claims of the Earliest Franciscan Sources 1229-1235 (Michael F. Cusato) -- Tobit's Dog and the Dangers of Literalism: William Woodford O.F.M. as Critic of Wycliffi te Exegesis (Alastair Minnis) -- PART TWO STUDENTS AND SCHOLARS -- Franciscan Learning: University Education and Biblical Exegesis (William J. Courtenay) -- Using, Not Owning-Duties, Not Rights: The Consequences of Some Franciscan Perspectives on Politics (Janet Coleman) -- Langland and the Franciscans on Dominium (Lawrence M. Clopper) -- PART THREE FRANCISCAN CRITICS AND CRITICS OF THE FRANCISCANS -- William of St. Amour's De periculis novissimorum temporum: A False Start to Medieval Antifraternalism? (G. Geltner) -- History as Prophecy: Angelo Clareno's Chronicle as a Spiritual Franciscan Apocalypse (David Burr) -- Two Views of John XXII as a Heretical Pope (Patrick Nold) -- Kicking the Habit: The Campaign Against the Friars in a Fourteenth-Century Encyclopedia (Penn Szittya) -- "Si sind all glichsner": Antifraternalism in Medieval and Renaissance German Literature (Geoffrey Dipple) -- PART FOUR FRANCISCAN LEGACIES -- Imitatio Francisci: The Infl uence of Francis of Assisi on Late Medieval Religious Life (Lester K. Little) -- Louis IX: Preaching to Franciscan and Dominican Brothers and Nuns (William Chester Jordan) -- Preaching as Playwriting: A Semi-Dramatic Sermon of the Fift eenth Century (Katherine L. Jansen) -- Index.