Exploring Newspaper Language -- Editorial page -- Titla page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Building a large corpus based on newspapers from the web -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An overview of the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus and its system architecture -- 2.1 Text harvesting -- 2.2 Boilerplate and duplicate removal -- 2.3 Language classification -- 2.4 Text annotation -- 2.4.1 Annotation of source, date and author information -- 2.4.2 Topic classification -- 2.4.3 Part-of-speech tagging -- 2.5 Search system and user interface -- 2.5.1 Corpus WorkBench -- 2.5.2 Corpuscle -- 2.6 Extraction of new words -- 2.7 Classification of new words -- 2.7.1 Anglicism detection -- 2.8 Frequency profiling and lexical database entry -- 2.9 Identification of multiword expressions -- 3. The content of the research contributions to this book -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Part II. Exploiting the web as a corpus - Methods and tools -- Corpuscle - a new corpus management platform for annotated corpora -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Design principles -- 3. Querying the corpus -- 4. API and Web interface -- 4.1 The API -- 4.2 The Web interface -- 5. Editing and manual annotation -- 6. Evaluation and concluding remarks -- References -- OBT+stat -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1 The history of the Oslo-Bergen Tagger -- 2.2 State of the art for Norwegian POS taggers -- 3. The architecture of the Oslo-Bergen Constraint Grammar Tagger -- 4. Methodology of improvements to the Oslo-Bergen Tagger -- 5. Dealing with left-over ambiguities in the Oslo-Bergen Tagger -- 5.1 Morphological ambiguities -- 5.2 Lemma ambiguities -- 6. Statistical disambiguation -- 7. Modelling challenges and engineering concerns -- 8. Evaluation of the statistical module -- 8.1 How to evaluate -- 8.2 Evaluation results -- 9. Conclusion -- References.

Exploring corpora through syntactic annotation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Treebanking -- 3. INESS - the Norwegian treebanking infrastructure -- 4. Searching for complex syntactic constructions in a treebank -- 4.1 Passive constructions -- 4.2 Relative clauses -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Collocations and statistical analysis of n-grams -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Multiword Expressions (MWEs) -- 2.2 Collocations -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Data and n-gram extraction -- 3.2 Post-processing of n-gram lists -- 3.3 Contingency tables -- 3.3.1 Bigram Contingency Tables -- 3.3.2 Trigram Contingency Tables -- 3.4 Bigram Association Measures -- 3.5 Trigram Association Measures -- 4. Results -- 4.1 Bigrams -- 4.2 Trigrams -- 5. Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Automatic topic classi cation of a large newspaper corpus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background and related work -- 2.1 The rule-based approach -- 2.2 The pattern-matching approach -- 2.3 Promising results -- 3. Material -- 3.1 Manual annotation -- 3.2 Feature extraction -- 3.3 Cleaning the text -- 3.4 The gold standard -- 4. Overview of our final approach -- 5. Our approach in detail -- 5.1 Hypothesis -- 5.2 De ning categories -- 5.3 Tools -- 5.4 Programming and experimenting -- 6. Data and experimental evaluation -- 6.1 Measuring inter-annotator agreement -- 6.2 Possible sources of error -- 7. Results -- 8. Conclusions and future work -- References -- A data-driven approach to anglicism identification in Norwegian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Anglicisms -- 2.2 Modelling anglicisms computationally -- 2.3 A machine learning approach to anglicisms -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Machine learning algorithm: TiMBL -- 3.2 Lexical data -- 3.4 Building training vectors -- 3.5 Trigrams and frequencies -- 4. Experiments and results -- 4.1 Simple frequency -- 4.2 Productivity.

4.3 Automatic feature selection -- 4.4 Discussion of the results -- 5. Future work -- Reference -- part ii Corpus-based case studies -- A corpus-based study of the adaptation of English import words in Norwegian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Concepts and terminology -- 3. Previous research on norwegification -- 4. Inventory, data and methods -- 4.1 The three datasets -- 4.2 The Corpuscle interface to the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus -- 4.3 Step-by-step analysis -- 5. Degree of norwegification in the three datasets -- 5.1 Overall results for the three datasets -- 5.2 A more detailed look at the words from the 1997 spelling reform -- 5.3 Degree of norwegification of words from the 2004 spelling reform -- 5.4 Degree of unsolicited norwegification -- 6. Towards an analysis of factors affecting the variation between N/E forms -- 6.1 Complexity of the orthographic change -- 6.2 Collocations -- 6.3 Morphology -- 6.4 Homography -- 6.5 Semantic factors -- 7. Concluding remarks -- References -- Norm clusters in written Norwegian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A pilot study -- 3. The texts -- 4. Data extraction and processing -- 5. Case I: Feminine nouns in Bokmål -- 5.1 Correspondence analysis -- 5.2 Implication analysis -- 6. Case II: Weak verbs in Bokmål -- 7. Case III: Infinitives in Nynorsk -- 7.1 Correspondence analysis -- 7.2 Implication analysis -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Lexical neography in modern Norwegian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is a lexical neologism -- 2.1 Neoformatives -- 2.2 Neosemanticisms -- 2.3 Neophrasemes -- 2.4 A new definition of neologisms -- 3. Neologisms as a transitional phenomenon -- 4. How are new words coined? -- 5. Why do we need new words? -- 6. Previous registration of neologisms in Norwegian -- 7. Statistical studies of neologisms in modern Norwegian -- 7.1 Manual evaluation of the automatically generated new word candidates.

7.2 Semiautomatic retrieval of neologisms from the Norweian Newspaper Corpus -- 7.3 Results and discussion -- 8. Conclusion and further work -- References -- Ash compound frenzy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data, method and results -- 2.1 Selection and preparation of material -- 2.2 Selection of time frame -- 2.3 Quantitative analysis -- 3. Discussion -- 3.1 Remarks on the empirical and quantitative methods -- 3.2 Linguistic remarks on specific compounds -- References -- 4. Appendices -- 4.1 Frequency list exclusive of hapax legomena -- 4.2 New words on April 14-15 -- 4.3 Type and token frequencies per date -- Financial jargon in a general newspaper corpus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Corpus material and selection of financial jargon -- 3.2 Investigating the influence of English loan words -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 The concepts of financial crisis and credit crunch -- 4.2 The concept of subprime and related concepts -- 4.3 The concept of hedge fund -- 4.4 A note on the use of acronyms -- 4.5 Inflectional forms -- 5. Concluding remarks -- References -- Appendix I -- Metonymic extension and vagueness -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical framework -- 2.1 Metonymic categories and the ambiguity/vagueness cline -- 2.2 Domains and dimensions in metonymy -- 3. Material and method -- 3.1 Material -- 3.2 Method -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 Results -- 4.2 Discussion -- 5. Concluding remarks -- References -- Spatial metaphors in present-day Norwegian newspaper language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cognitive views on language -- 3. The up/down schema in Norwegian newspaper language -- 3.1 The up dimension -- 3.1.1 Høy/høyere -- 3.1.2 Stige and løfte -- 3.1.3 Summary -- 3.2 The down dimension -- 3.2.1 Lav/lavere -- 3.2.2 Synke/senke -- 3.2.3 Summary -- 4. Conclusion -- References.

Doing historical linguistics using contemporary data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stage theory -- 3. Deverbal nouns, prototypes and diachronic paths -- 4. Methods and data -- 4.1 Using a synchronic corpus only -- 5. Using older texts from the corpus -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Name index -- Subject index.