DEAFNESS, HEARING LOSS AND THE AUDITORY SYSTEM -- DEAFNESS, HEARING LOSS AND THE AUDITORY SYSTEM -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE VENTRAL COMPLEX OF THE LATERAL LEMNISCUS: A REVIEW -- Abstract -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- General Overview of the Ascending Auditory Pathway -- Anatomy of the Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus -- VCLL Parcellation -- Ventral VNLL -- Anterior VNLL -- Dorsal VNLL -- Arguments for and Against the INLL Subdivision -- VCLL Parcellation in Echolocating Species -- VCLL Anatomy and Parcellation in the Rat -- Cytoarchitecture and Morphology of VCLL Neurons -- Cytoarchitecture and Morphology of INLL Neurons -- Cytoarchitecture and Morphology of VNLL Neurons -- Cytoarchitecture and Morphology of VCLL Neurons in the Rat -- Topography and Tonotopicity within the VCLL -- Tonotopic Organisation in the VCLL -- Topographic Organisation of the VCLL with Respect to Inputs and Outputs -- Tonotopic and Topographic Organisation of the Echolocating Bat VCLL -- Evaluation of Tonotopic and Topographic Models -- Connections of the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus -- Ascending Auditory Afferents to the VCLL -- Sources of Excitatory and Inhibitory inputs to the VCLL -- Major Ascending Efferents from the VCLL -- The VNLL is a Major Source of Inhibition to the IC -- Intrinsic Projections of the VCLL -- Input from the Octopus Cell Area and Calyceal Synapses in the VCLL -- Characteristics of Input to the VCLL from Octopus Cells -- Characteristics of Calyceal Synapses in the VCLL Of Mammals -- Source of VCLL Calyces -- Neurons Receiving Calyces in the VCLL -- Response Properties of VCLL Neurons -- Frequency Tuning Properties of VCLL Neurons -- Tuning Properties of VCLL Neurons in Echolocating Bats -- Tuning Properties of VCLL Cells in Non-Echolocating Species.

Classification of Response Types of VCLL Neurons -- Response Types in Echolocating Species -- Response Types in Non-Echolocating Species -- Powerful, Fast Inhibition before First Action Potential in the VCLL -- Correlation between Physiology and Morphology of Neurons in the VCLL -- Binaural Responses of VCLL Neurons -- Functional Role of the VCLL in Auditory Processing -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS IN YOUTH CAUSED BY LEISURE NOISE -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss -- Prevalence of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Caused by Leisure Noise -- Leisure Noise Activities -- 1. Personal Music Players -- 1.1. Listening habits -- 1.2. Short- and long term auditory effects -- 2. Attendance of Discotheques, Nightclubs or Live Concerts -- 2.1. Attendance habits -- 2.2. Short- and long term effects -- 3. Conclusion -- Prevention of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Caused by Leisure Noise -- Case Studies -- 1. Short-term Auditory Effects -- 1.1. Case one -- 1.2. Case two -- 2. Long-term Auditory Effects -- 2.1. Case three -- 2.2. Case four -- 3. Conclusion -- Regulation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 CURRENT CONCEPTS IN RADIATION-INDUCED SENSORI-NEURAL HEARING LOSS -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Characteristics of Radiation-Induced SNHL -- Existence of Radiation-Induced SNHL -- Animal studies -- Human studies -- Prevalence and Epidemiology -- Effect of Radiation Dose -- High Frequency Hearing Loss -- Early vs. Late Onset -- III. Effect of Radiation on Retro-Cochlear Pathways -- The Sensori-Neural Auditory Pathways -- Mechanisms of Damage to the Nervous System -- Cerebral and Brainstem Damage -- Spiral Ganglia and Cochlear Nerve Damage -- Necropsy Studies -- Clinical Studies -- Gamma Radiosurgery for Acoustic Neuroma.

Long-term Effects of Radiotherapy on Retro-Cochlear Pathways in NPC Patients -- Feasiblity of Cochlear Implantation in Irradiated Ears -- IV. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Ototoxicity -- Non-Radiation Causes of Ototoxicity -- Radiation-Induced Ototoxicity -- An Apoptotic Model in Radiation-Induced SNHL -- The Role of p53 -- The Role of ROS -- Protection against Radiation-Induced Cochlear Cell Apoptosis -- Alternative Cell Death Mechanisms in Radiation-Induced SNHL -- V. Combined Effects of Radiation and CDDP on SNHL -- Combined Chemo-Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumours -- Properties of CDDP -- Combined Ototoxicity of Radiation and CDDP -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 TARGET ANTIGENS IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED HEARING LOSS: FROM RECOGNITION TO DIAGNOSTIC TOOL -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Identification of Candidate Antigens in Immune-Mediated Hearing Loss -- Collagen -- Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa -- Myelin Protein P0 -- Sulfoglucuronosyl Glycolipids -- (-Tubulin -- Calcium Binding Protein S-100( -- Raf-1 Protein -- Β-Actin -- Cochlin -- Β-Tectorin -- Choline Transporter-like Protein 2 -- Other Candidate Antigens -- Unifying Features of Candidate Antigens in Immune-Mediated Hearing Loss -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 DAMAGE OF CHRONIC SUBLETHAL HYPOXIA TO THE IMMATURE AUDITORY BRAINSTEM -- Abstract -- Introduction -- ABNORMALITIES IN THE IMMATURE BRAIN (- EVIDENCE FROM ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS) -- ABNORMALITIES IN IMMATURE BRAIN CENTRAL AUDITORY FUNCTION (- EVIDENCE FROM HUMAN INFANTS WITH BPD) -- Perinatal Hypoxia and the Auditory Brainstem -- Electrophysiological Methods to Study the Auditory Brainstem -- Impaired Central Auditory Function -- No Major Neuronal Impairment -- IMPAIRED MYELINATION IN THE IMMATURE AUDITORY BRAINSTEM (- EVIDENCE FROM ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS) -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 6 TREATMENT OF TINNITUS WITH TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION -- Abstract -- 1. Tinnitus: Introduction, Epidemiology and Classification -- 2. Tinnitus Pathophysiology -- 3. The Rationale for the Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in Tinnitus Patients -- 4. Critical Discussion of Clinical Effects of rTMS in Tinnitus -- 5. Neurobiological Rffects of rTMS in Tinnitus Patients -- 6. Safety and Side Effects of TMS -- Conclusion -- Abbreviatons -- References -- Chapter 7 AN INFORMATICS APPROACH TO STUDYING THE ROLE OF MYOSINS IN THE INNER EAR -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Current Applications of Regular Expressions to the Study of Deafness -- Furthering the Application of Such Techniques to the Study of Deafness -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEINS AND THE ETIOLOGY OF HEREDITARY HEARING LOSS IN HUMANS AND ANIMAL MODELS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tight Junction Membrane Integral Proteins -- TJs in the Inner Ear -- Claudin 14 -- Claudin 14 Expression in the Inner Ear -- Mutations in the Human CLDN14 Gene Cause Autosomal Recessive Deafness DFNB29 -- Cldn14 knockout mice are deaf: a mouse model for autosomal recessive deafness DFNB29 -- Claudin 9 -- Claudin 9 Expression in the Inner Ear -- Cldn9 mutant mice are deaf -- Claudin 11 -- Claudin 11 Expression in the Inner Ear -- Cldn11 knockout mice are deaf -- Claudin J -- The Zebrafish Cldnj Gene is Essential for Normal Ear Function and Important for Formation of Otoliths -- Tricellulin -- Tricellulin Expression in the Inner Ear -- Mutations in the Human TRIC Gene Cause Autosomal Recessive Deafness DFNB49 -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVISES: TYPES, USES AND SAFETY -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Objectives.

3. Criteria for Considering Studies for this Review -- Types of Studies -- Types of Participants -- Types of Interventions -- Types of Outcome Measures -- Primary outcome measure -- Secondary outcome measures -- Search Strategy for Identification of Studies -- 4. Methods of the Review -- 4.1. Quality Assessment -- 4.2. Data Extraction -- 4.3. Data Analysis -- 4.3.1. Heterogeneity -- 4.3.2. Sensitivity analysis -- 4.3.3. Addressing publication bias -- 5. Results -- 5.1. Description of Studies -- 5.1.1. Study selection -- 5.1.2. Included studies -- 5.1.3. Design of the studies -- 5.1.4. Participants and duration of trials -- 5.1.5. Types of intervention -- 5.1.6. Types of outcome measures -- 5.1.7. Notes -- 5.1.8. Excluded studies -- 5.1.9. Awaiting assessment -- 5.2. Methodological Quality of Included Studies -- 5.2.1. Allocation (sequence generation and allocation concealment) -- 5.2.2. Blinding -- 5.2.3. Description of drop-outs/withdrawals -- 5.3. Effect of Interventions -- 5.3.1. Attenuations and speech intelligibility -- 5.3.2. Elimination of threshold shift -- 5.3.3. Hearing loss thresholds by audiometric test -- 5.3.4. Costs (as a narrative analysis) -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Reviewers' Conclusions -- 7.1. Implications for Practice -- 7.2. Implications for Research -- 8. Potential Conflict of Interest -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Extraction Sheet -- Action -- Methods -- Participants -- Intervention -- Outcomes -- Notes -- Chapter 10 DPOAE ABNORMALITIES AFTER PERINATAL ASPHYXIA -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Recording and Analysis of DPOAEs -- DPOAE Abnormalities Shortly after Birth -- DPOAE Abnormalities at One Month -- DPOAE Abnormalities at Six Months -- DPOAE Abnormalities at Twelve Months -- Postnatal DPOAE Changes and Cochlear Impairment -- Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 11 ROLE OF OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS IN HEARING LOSS EVALUATION.