Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Need for Creativity in Engineering -- 1.2 Creativity and Innovation History -- 1.3 Engineering History -- 1.4 Creativity-Related Facts and Figures -- 1.5 Terms and Definitions -- 1.6 Creativity Myths, Observations, and the Role of Innovation in Organizations -- 1.7 Useful Information on Creativity and Innovation -- 1.7.1 Books -- 1.7.2 Journals -- 1.7.3 Conference Proceedings -- 1.7.4 Organizations -- 1.8 Scope of the Book -- Problems -- References -- 2 Engineering: An Introduction -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Difference Between Science and Engineering -- 2.3 Engineering Today and Engineering Disciplines -- 2.3.1 Mechanical Engineering -- 2.3.2 Civil Engineering -- 2.3.3 Electrical and Electronic Engineering -- 2.3.4 Chemical Engineering -- 2.3.5 Aerospace Engineering -- 2.3.6 Industrial Engineering -- 2.3.7 Mining Engineering -- 2.3.8 Biomedical Engineering -- 2.4 Engineering Design Process -- 2.5 The Technological Team -- 2.6 The Needs, Functions, and Qualities of an Engineer -- 2.7 Engineering Manager's Functions and Qualities -- 2.8 The Ethical and Legal Factors -- Problems -- References -- 3 Famous Engineering Inventions, Inventors, and Inventing -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Famous Engineering Inventions -- 3.2.1 Steam Engine -- 3.2.2 Airplane -- 3.2.3 Light Bulb -- 3.2.4 Radio -- 3.2.5 Telephone -- 3.2.6 Telescope (Reflecting) -- 3.2.7 Motor Car -- 3.2.8 Telegraph -- 3.2.9 Alternating Current (AC) Power System -- 3.2.10 Direct Current (DC) Electric Generator -- 3.2.11 Typewriter -- 3.2.12 Sewing Machine -- 3.2.13 Helicopter -- 3.2.14 Submarine -- 3.2.15 Pendulum Clock -- 3.2.16 Zipper -- 3.2.17 Bicycle (with Pedals) -- 3.2.18 Gas Turbine -- 3.2.19 Power Loom -- 3.2.20 Hydraulic Press -- 3.2.21 SteamTurbine -- 3.2.22 Safety Lamp -- 3.2.23 Television -- 3.2.24 Cathode Ray Tube.

3.2.25 Hovercraft -- 3.3 Famous Engineering Inventors -- 3.3.1 James Watt (1736-1819) -- 3.3.2 Thomas Edison (1847-1931) -- 3.3.3 Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) -- 3.3.4 Wright Brothers -- 3.3.5 Samuel Morse (1791-1872) -- 3.3.6 Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) -- 3.3.7 Nicola Tesla (1856-1943) -- 3.3.8 Karl Benz (1844-1929) -- 3.3.9 Walter Hunt (1796-1859) -- 3.3.10 Christopher Sholes (1819-1890) -- 3.4 Inventing Procedure -- 3.5 Inventors' Characteristics, Motives, and Marital Status -- 3.6 Obstacles and Pitfalls of Inventors -- Problems -- References -- 4 Creativity in Organizations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Factors for the Decline in Corporate Creativity, Factors Driving the Need for Creativity in Organizations, and Organizational Creativity and Innovation Supporting Characteristics -- 4.3 Elements of an Innovative Organization -- 4.4 Problem-Solving and Creativity Processes -- 4.5 Sources and Tips for Innovative Ideas and Broad Sources of Information Useful to Creative Engineers -- Problems -- References -- 5 Creativity Management and Manpower Creativity -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Managing, Selecting, and Retaining Creative People -- 5.3 Tasks of Key Professionals in Innovative Companies -- 5.3.1 Idea Generator -- 5.3.2 Champion -- 5.3.3 Coach -- 5.3.4 Gatekeeper -- 5.3.5 Project Manager -- 5.4 Good Creativity Management Qualities, Guidelines and Interventions for Managers to Improve Organizational Innovation -- 5.5 Steps for Increasing a Manager's Own Creativity and Practical Guidelines for Creative Thinking Using Memory -- 5.6 Creative Group Characteristics and Characteristics of a Creativity Encouraging Leader -- 5.7 Characteristics of a Creative Individual, Engineer, Scientist, Entrepreneur and Characteristics of a Noncreative Person.

5.8 A Successful Inventor's Characteristics' Frequency and Personal Rewards to Engineers Practicing Disciplined Creativity -- Problems -- References -- 6 Creativity Methods -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 General Creativity Methods -- 6.2.1 Crawford Slip Method (CSM) -- 6.2.2 CNB Method -- 6.2.3 Force-Field Analysis Method -- 6.2.4 Attribute Listing Method -- 6.2.5 The Seven by Seven Method -- 6.2.6 Forced-Relationships Method -- 6.2.7 Mind Mapping Method -- 6.2.8 Nominal Group Technique -- 6.2.9 Rice Storm Method -- 6.2.10 Delphi Method -- 6.2.11 Six Thinking Hats Method -- 6.2.12 Assumption Reversal Method -- 6.2.13 Storyboarding Method -- 6.2.14 Two Words Method -- 6.2.15 Brainsketching Method -- 6.2.16 Excursion Method -- 6.2.17 Brainwriting Method -- 6.2.18 Random Stimulation Method -- 6.2.19 Scenarios Method -- 6.2.20 Lotus Blossom Method -- 6.3 Creativity Methods for Application in Engineering -- 6.3.1 Group Brainstorming Method -- 6.3.2 Morphological Analysis Method -- 6.3.3 Synectics Method -- 6.3.4 Checklist Method -- 6.3.5 And-Also Method -- 6.3.6 Tear-Down Method -- 6.3.7 Distribution Method -- Problems -- References -- 7 Creativity Measurement and Analysis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Metrics for Determining Innovative Companies' Performance -- 7.3 A Formula for Predicting Creative Ideas -- 7.4 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) -- 7.4.1 Fault Tree Probability Evaluation -- 7.5 Control Charts -- 7.6 Cause and Effect Diagram -- 7.7 Probability Tree Analysis -- 7.8 Creativity Improvement with Parallel Redundancy -- 7.9 Time-Dependent Creativity Analysis with MarkovMethod -- Problems -- References -- 8 Creativity Climate -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Variables Influencing Peoples' Perception of the Working Climate, Examples of Changes in the Total Environment In.uencing Innovation, and Key Reasons for Organizations to Foster Creativity and Innovation.

8.3 Organization's Creative Culture Attributes -- 8.4 Creative Climate Dimensions and Creative Work Environment Determinents -- 8.5 Steps for Fostering Creative Environment in Companies and Guidelines for Managing Team Members that Foster Creative Work Climate -- 8.6 Tips for Facilitating in a "Cold" Organizational Climate with Respect to Creativity -- 8.7 Workplace Creativity Climate Assessment Checklist -- 8.7.1 Leadership Style -- 8.7.2 The Physical Workspace -- 8.7.3 Work Group -- 8.7.4 Promoting Group Convergence -- 8.7.5 Style Diversity -- 8.7.6 Bringing in Outsiders or Alternative Perspectives -- 8.7.7 The Psychological Environment -- Problems -- References -- 9 Creativity Barriers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Reasons for Resistance to Change in Organizations and the Types of Organizations Finding Creativity Most Di.cult -- 9.3 Obstacles to Innovation in Large Organizations and Their Overcoming Steps -- 9.4 Management Barriers to Creativity and Reasons for Prevention of Innovation in Mass-Produced Products -- 9.5 Ways for Managers to Kill Creativity and Ways Used by Technical Managers to Block Creative Ideas -- 9.6 Stumbling Blocks and Building Blocks to Creativity -- 9.7 Types of Barriers to an Individual's Creative Thinking and Suggestions for Overcoming Them -- 9.8 Creativity Inhibitors an Engineer May Encounter While Inquiring into and Solving the Problem -- 9.9 Barriers to Creativity in Textile Industry -- Problems -- References -- 10 Creativity in Quality Management, Software Development Process, Rail Transit Stations, and Speci.c Organizations -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Creativity in Quality Management -- 10.2.1 Customer Needs Analysis -- 10.3 Creativity in Software Development Process -- 10.3.1 Creativity Methods in the Software Development Process -- 10.3.1.1 Requirements De.nition -- 10.3.1.2 Design -- 10.3.1.3 Coding.

10.3.1.4 Testing -- 10.3.1.5 Evaluation -- 10.4 Creativity in Rail Transit Stations -- 10.4.1 Washington's Union Station -- 10.4.2 Stockholm Subway/Underground -- 10.4.3 Moscow Underground System -- 10.4.4 Atlanta Rapid Transit System -- 10.4.5 Washington's Metro System -- 10.4.6 Seattle Metro System -- 10.5 Creativity in Specific Organizations -- 10.5.1 Creativity in Hewlett-Packard -- 10.5.2 Creativity in Motorola -- 10.5.3 Creativity in the 3M Company and in Apple Computer Organization -- Problems -- References -- 11 Creativity Testing, Recording, and Patents -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Creativity Testing -- 11.2.1 Creativity Tests -- 11.2.2 Specific Creativity Tests -- 11.2.2.1 Test I -- 11.2.2.2 Test II -- 11.3 Creativity Recording -- 11.3.1 Tools for Recording Ideas -- 11.4 Patents -- 11.4.1 What Can be Patented or Cannot be Patented? -- 11.4.2 Who May Apply for a Patent? Is Filing Time Important? -- 11.4.3 Patent Attorney Selection and Functions -- 11.4.4 The Patenting Process -- Problems -- References -- Appendix: Bibliography: Literature on Creativity -- A.1 Introduction -- A.2 Publications -- Index.