Zero Waste Engineering -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 The Deficiency of Current Engineering Practices -- 1.3 The Zero Waste Approach -- 1.4 Scope of the Book -- 1.5 Organization of the Book -- 2 A Delinearized History of Time and Its Impact on Scientific Cognition -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Importance of the Continuous Long-term History -- 2.3 Delinearized History of Time and Knowledge -- 2.3.1 A Discussion -- 2.4 A Reflection on the Purposes of Sciences -- 2.5 About the "New Science" of Time and Motion -- 2.5.1 Time-Conceptions, the Tangible-Intangible Nexus, and the Social Role of Knowledge -- 2.5.2 More about Time: Newtonian "Laws of Motion"-Versus Nature's -- 2.5.3 Science and the Problem of Linearized Time -- 2.5.4 Reproducibility and the Extinction of Time -- 2.5.5 The Long Term as An Infinite Summation of "Short Terms" -- 2.5.6 Erasing History in Order to "Disappear" the Long-term and Enshrine the Steady State -- 2.5.7 First Interim "Time"-Ly Conclusion: The Anti-Nature Essence of Linearized Time -- 2.5.8 Second Interim "Time"-Ly Conclusion: Making Time Stand Still by Way of Linearized Visualization of Space -- 2.6 What is New Versus what is Permitted: Science and the Establishment? -- 2.6.1 "Laws" of Motion, Natural "Law" & Questions of Mutability -- 2.6.2 Scientific Disinformation -- 2.7 The Nature-Science Approach -- 2.7.1 The Origin-pathway Approach of Nature-Science Versus the Input-output Approach of Engineering -- 2.7.2 Reference Frame and Dimensionality -- 2.7.3 Can "Lumped Parameters"Address Phenomena of Only Partial Tangibility? -- 2.7.4 Standardizing Criteria and the Intangible Aspects of Tangible Phenomena -- 2.7.5 Consequences of Nature-Science for Classical Set Theory and Conventional Notions of Mensuration -- 2.8 Conclusions.

3 Towards Modeling of Zero Waste Engineering Processes with Inherent Sustainability -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Development of a Sustainable Model -- 3.2.1 Problem with the Current Model -- 3.2.2 Violation of Characteristic Time -- 3.3 Observation of Nature: Importance of Intangibles -- 3.4 Analogy of Physical Phenomena -- 3.5 Intangible Cause to Tangible Consequence -- 3.6 Removable Discontinuities: Phases and Renewability of Materials -- 3.7 Rebalancing Mass and Energy -- 3.8 ENERGY: Existing Model -- 3.8.1 Supplements of Mass Balance Equation -- 3.9 Conclusions -- 4 The Formulation of a Comprehensive Mass and Energy Balance Equation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy -- 4.3 Avalanche Theory -- 4.4 Aims of Modeling Natural Phenomena -- 4.5 Simultaneous Characterization of Matter and Energy -- 4.6 A Discussion -- 4.7 Conclusions -- 5 Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD): The Case for a Science of Intangibles and Zero Waste Engineering -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Need for the Science of Intangibles -- 5.3 The Need for Multidimensional Study -- 5.4 Assessing the Overall Performance of a Process -- 5.5 Facts about Honey and the Science of Intangibles -- 5.6 The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy -- 5.7 CCD In Relation to Science of Tangibles -- 5.8 Possible Causes of CCD -- 5.8.1 Genetically Engineered Crops -- 5.8.2 "Foreign Elements" -- 5.8.3 Electromagnetic Irradiation -- 5.8.4 Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) -- 5.9 Nature Science Approach and Discussion -- 5.10 A New Approach to Product Characterization -- 5.11 A Discussion -- 5.12 Conclusions -- 6 Zero Waste Lifestyle with Inherently Sustainable Technologies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Energy from Kitchen Waste and Sewage -- 6.2.1 Estimation of the Biogas and Ammonia Production -- 6.3 Utilization of Produced Waste in a Desalination Plant.

6.4 Solar Aquatic Process to Purify Desalinated/Waste Water -- 6.4.1 Process Description -- 6.4.2 Utilization of Biogas in Fuel Cell -- 6.5 Direct Use of Solar Energy -- 6.5.1 Space Heating -- 6.5.2 Water Heating -- 6.5.3 Refrigeration and Air Cooling -- 6.5.4 Solar Stirling Engine -- 6.6 Sustainability Analysis -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7 A Novel Sustainable Combined Heating/ Cooling/Refrigeration System -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Einstein Refrigeration Cycle -- 7.3 Thermodynamic Model and the Energy Requirement of the Cycle -- 7.4 Solar Cooler and Heat Engine -- 7.5 Actual Coefficient of Performance (COP) Calculation -- 7.5.1 Vapor Compression Cycle Refrigeration System -- 7.6 Absorption Refrigeration System -- 7.7 Calculation of Global Efficiency -- 7.7.1 Heat Transfer Efficiency -- 7.7.2 Turbine Efficiency -- 7.7.3 Generator Efficiency -- 7.7.4 Transmission Efficiency -- 7.7.5 Compressor Efficiency -- 7.7.6 Global Efficiency -- 7.7.7 Fossil Fuel Combustion Efficiency -- 7.7.8 Solar Energy -- 7.7.9 Transmission Efficiency -- 7.8 Solar Energy Utilization in the Refrigeration Cycle -- 7.9 The New System -- 7.10 Pathway Analysis -- 7.10.1 Environmental Pollution Observation -- 7.10.2 Fuel Collection Stage -- 7.10.3 Combustion Stage -- 7.10.4 Transmission Stage -- 7.10.5 Environmentally Friendly System -- 7.10.6 Global Economics of the Systems -- 7.10.7 Quality of Energy -- 7.11 Sustainability Analysis -- 7.12 Conclusions -- 8 A Zero Waste Design for Direct Usage of Solar Energy -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Prototype -- 8.2.1 The Infrastructure -- 8.2.2 Fluid Flow Process -- 8.2.3 Solar Tracking Process -- 8.3 Results and Discussion of Parabolic Solar Technology -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 9 Investigation of Vegetable Oil as the Thermal Fluid in a Parabolic Solar Collector -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Experimental Setup and Procedures.

9.2.1 Parabolic Solar Collector Assembly -- 9.2.2 Solar Pump and PV Solar Panel -- 9.2.3 Solar Heat Transfer Fluid (Thermal Fluid) -- 9.3.2 Experimental Procedure -- 9.4 Results and Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusions -- 10 The Potential of Biogas in the Zero Waste Mode in the Cold-Climate Environment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Background -- 10.3 Biogas Fermentation -- 10.4 Factors Involved in Anaerobic Digestion -- 10.5 Heath and Environmental Issue -- 10.6 Digester in Cold Countries -- 10.7 Experimental Setup and Procedures -- 10.7.1 Experimental Apparatus -- 10.7.2 Experimental Procedure -- 10.8 Discussion -- 10.9 Conclusions -- 11 The New Synthesis: Application of All Natural Materials for Engineering Applications -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Metal Waste Removal with Natural Materials -- 11.2.1 Natural Adsorbent -- 11.3 Natural Materials as Bonding Agents -- 11.3.1 Toxic and Hazardous Properties of Adhesives -- 11.3.2 Sustainable Technology for Adhesive Preparation -- 11.3.3 Materials and Methods -- 11.3.4 Formulation of Adhesives -- 11.3.5 Testing Media -- 11.3.6 Testing Method and Standards -- 11.3.7 Results and Discussion -- 11.4 Selection of Adhesives -- 11.4.2 Application of the Adhesives -- 11.5 Conclusions -- 12 Sustainability of Nuclear Energy -- 12.1 Summary -- 12.2 Introduction -- 12.3 Energy Demand in Emerging Economies and Nuclear Power -- 12.4 Nuclear Energy Options -- 12.5 Status of Global Nuclear Energy Development -- 12.6 Nuclear Research Reactors -- 12.7 Global Estimated Uranium Resources -- 12.8 Nuclear Reactor Technologies -- 12.9 Sustainability of Nuclear Energy -- 12.9.1 Environmental Sustainability of Nuclear Energy -- 12.9.2 Cooling Water Discharge -- 12.9.3 Nuclear Radiation Hazard -- 12.9.4 Nuclear Wastes -- 12.9.5 Social Sustainability of Nuclear Energy -- 12.9.6 Economic Sustainability of Nuclear Energy.

12.10 Nuclear Energy and Global Warming -- 12.11 Global Efficiency of Nuclear Energy -- 12.12 Energy from Nuclear Fusion -- 12.13 Some Considerations -- 12.14 Conclusions -- 13 High Temperature Reactors for Hydrogen Production -- 13.1 Summary -- 13.2 Introduction -- 13.3 IS Process -- 13.4 Solar Energy for High Temperature Reactor -- 13.5 Sustainability of the Process -- 13.6 Conclusions -- 14 Economic Assessment of Zero Waste Engineering -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Delinearized history of Modern Age -- 14.3 Insufficiency of Conventional Economics Models -- 14.4 The New Synthesis -- 14.5 The New Investment Model, Conforming to the Information Age -- 14.6 Economics of Zero Waste Engineering Projects -- 14.6.1 Biogas Plant -- 14.6.2 Solar Parabolic Trough -- 14.6.3 A New Approach to Energy Characterization -- 14.6.4 Global Economics -- 14.6.5 Environmental and Ecological Impact -- 14.6.6 Quality of Energy -- 14.6.7 Evaluation of Process -- 14.7 Conclusions -- 15 Conclusions and Recommendations -- 15.1 Conclusions -- References -- Index.