Marshaling Technology for Development -- Copyright -- Preface -- OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SYMPOSIUM -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- Marshaling Technology for Development -- INTRODUCTION -- The Science of Sustainable Development -- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: AN INSTITUTIONAL PRIORITY -- THE POWER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SCIENCE -- CONDITIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOPMENT -- SUMMARY -- Forces Reshaping the World Economy -- TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION -- ECONOMIC REVOLUTION -- A GOLDEN AGE? -- THE CHALLENGES FACING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY -- HOW CAN TECHNOLOGY HELP? -- OBJECTIVES OF THIS SYMPOSIUM -- NOTE -- PROCEEDINGS -- CHAPTER 1-The Globalization of Knowledge and Technology -- PATHWAYS TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION -- Information and Communications -- Biotechnology -- Materials -- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY -- CHAPTER 2-Marshaling Technology for Development: Assessing the Challenge -- CONDITIONS FOR CHANGE -- CONNECTIVITY -- THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY -- CHAPTER 3-Opportunities and Strategies by Sector -- AGRICULTURE -- MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES -- Manufacturing -- Services -- THE ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY -- HEALTH -- EDUCATION -- CHAPTER 4-Rising to the Challenge: Priorities for the Developing Countries and the International... -- FOOD SUPPLY -- PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS -- ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- INSTITUTIONAL ROLES -- Governments -- Private Sector -- Scientific and Research Community -- Development Community -- INVITED PAPERS -- The Global Generation, Transmission, and Diffusion of Knowledge: How Can the Developing Countries Benefit -- THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE -- The World Knowledge Infrastructure -- How Does the Knowledge Infrastructure Actually Work?.

The Need for a Global Knowledge Strategy -- THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TO THE WORLD ECONOMY -- HOW DOES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE HAPPEN? -- THE COMMERCIALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION OF INNOVATION -- POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT IN INVESTMENT DECISIONS -- WHAT ARE THE FUTURE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES FOR TODAY'S LABOR-SURPLUS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES? -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- What We Know and Do Not Know about Technology Transfer: Linking Knowledge to Action -- THE BASICS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- TYPOLOGIES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION -- TECHNOLOGY TRAJECTORIES AND LIFE CYCLES -- MODELS OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WITHIN FIRMS -- NOTES -- Technological Trends and Applications in Biotechnology -- GENETIC ENGINEERING: A NEW WORLD -- MARKET SEGMENTS AND RESEARCH AREAS -- Biomedical -- Agriculture -- Marine Biotechnology -- Animal Husbandry -- Single-Cell Protein -- Environmental Biotechnology -- Silviculture and the Role of Forests -- Nonagricultural Marine Biotechnology -- Energy Production -- Other Areas -- Safety and Public Acceptance of Genetically Engineered Products -- BIOTECHNOLOGY'S POTENTIAL IMPACT ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- PROBLEMS IN ADOPTING THE NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES -- Lack of Capital -- Property Rights and Biological Prospecting -- Safety and Ethical Issues -- Other Obstacles -- What Technologies Will Work in Developing Countries? -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- NOTES -- Materials and Critical Technologies -- THE FACTORS DRIVING TECHNOLOGY -- Health Care Industry -- Computer/Communications Industry -- Transport Industry -- CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES -- INSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION -- NOTES -- Information Technology for Development -- THE FORCES DRIVING THE MULTIMEDIA REVOLUTION AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY.

THE MULTIMEDIA REVOLUTION -- AT&T'S VISION OF THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY -- THE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ON DEVELOPING NATIONS -- NOTES -- Broadened Agricultural Development: Pathways toward the Greening of Revolution -- THE BROADENING (AND GREENING) OF THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM -- TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS -- RAPIDLY EVOLVING AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES -- SOLUTIONS TO KEY PRODUCTION PROBLEMS -- PATHWAYS OF CHANGE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRY SYSTEMS -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Lessons from the Evolution of Electronics Manufacturing Technologies -- FORCES AFFECTING ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY -- TRENDS IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY -- People -- Manufacturing Assembly -- Design Interfaces -- Supplier Interfaces -- SUMMARY -- NOTES -- Innovations in Energy Technology -- AN OVERVIEW -- ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES -- Coal-based Technologies -- Fuel Cells -- Renewable Technologies -- MODULARITY AND DISPERSED GENERATION -- DELIVERY OF POWER -- CONCLUSION -- Educational Technology for Developing Countries -- MATCHING EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND CONTENT TO SPECIFIC ECONOMIC GOALS -- RECENT TRENDS IN ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGY -- TWO EXAMPLES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY -- Interactive Radio Instruction -- Intelligent Coaching of Oral Reading -- WHAT MAKES LEARNING HAPPEN? -- The Beehive Model -- The Smart Worker Model -- SPECIAL NEEDS FOR WORKER AND INSTRUCTOR TRAINING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- Technical Training before Entering the Work Force -- Training for New Tasks -- A Technologically Literate and Innovation-Receptive Population -- REQUIREMENTS FOR SCHOOLING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- Adapting to Local Language and Conceptual Structure -- Concreteness -- Developing a Teacher/Instructor Training Infrastructure -- Assessment -- Focusing on Areas of Greatest Need -- EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES WITH POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

Combinations of Desktop Publishing and Printing Technologies -- CD-ROM-Based Multimedia -- Distributed Information Network Schemes -- Affordable Basic Artificial Intelligence Tools -- DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- NOTES -- Technological Innovation and Services -- EMBODIED SERVICES -- TRANSBORDER SERVICES: DATA EXPORTING -- TRANSBORDER SERVICES: INFORMATION IMPORTING -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Health Technology and Developing Countries: Dilemmas and Applications -- CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS IN HEALTH AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY -- Technology and Fundamental Research -- The Health Technologies Market and Its Implications -- Technological Disappointments and the Dilemma of "Social Products" -- HEALTH CARE AND TECHNOLOGY -- Strategy Shifts: The Expansion of Outpatient Approaches -- Information -- Behavioral Research and Nontechnological Challenges -- The Genetic Revolution in Health and Its Implications -- TECHNOLOGY NEEDS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- New Reproductive Health Technologies -- Micronutrient Research and Technology Development -- Vaccine Development -- Expanded Primary Health Care -- Chronic Diseases -- Microbial Threats -- HIV Infection -- INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTERS -- NOTES -- Sustainable Development: Mirage or Achievable Goal? -- DEFINING THE PROBLEMS -- PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE -- NOTES -- APPENDIX -- SYMPOSIUM PARTICIPANTS.