Contents -- Preface -- Preface to First Edition -- The Book's Structure and What It Is About -- Acknowledgements -- Authors' Biographies -- Notation -- PART 1:APPROACH AND FIRST CONSIDERATIONS -- 1 Principles of Foundation Design -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Foundation safety criteria -- 1.3 Bearing capacity -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2 Bearing capacity -- 1.3.3 Presumed bearing value -- 1.3.4 Allowable bearing pressure -- 1.3.5 Non-vertical loading -- 1.4 Settlement -- 1.5 Limit state philosophy -- 1.5.1 Working stress design -- 1.5.2 Limit state design -- 1.6 Interaction of superstructure and soil -- 1.6.1 Example 1:Three pinned arch -- 1.6.2 Example 2:Vierendeel superstructure -- 1.6.3 Example 3:Prestressed brick diaphragm wall -- 1.6.4 Example 4:Composite deep beams -- 1.6.5 Example 5:Buoyancy raft -- 1.7 Foundation types -- 1.7.1 Pad foundations -- 1.7.2 Strip footings -- 1.7.3 Raft foundations -- 1.7.4 Piled foundations -- 1.8 Ground treatment (geotechnical processes) -- 1.9 Changes of soil properties during excavation -- 1.10 Post-construction foundation failure -- 1.11 Practical considerations -- 1.11.1 Example 6:Excavation in waterlogged ground -- 1.11.2 Example 7:Variability of ground conditions -- 1.11.3 Example 8:Reliability of the soils investigation -- 1.11.4 Example 9:Deterioration of ground exposed by excavation -- 1.11.5 Example 10:Effect of new foundation on existing structure -- 1.12 Design procedures -- 1.13 References -- 2 Soil Mechanics,Lab Testing and Geology -- A:Soil mechanics -- 2.1 Introduction to soil mechanics -- 2.2 Pressure distribution through ground -- 2.3 Bearing capacity -- 2.3.1 Introduction to bearing capacity -- 2.3.2 Main variables affecting bearing capacity -- 2.3.3 Bearing capacity and bearing pressure -- 2.3.4 Determination of ultimate bearing capacity -- 2.3.5 Safe bearing capacity - cohesionless soils.

2.3.6 Safe bearing capacity - cohesive soils -- 2.3.7 Safe bearing capacity combined soils -- 2.4 Settlement -- 2.4.1 Introduction to settlement -- 2.4.2 Void ratio -- 2.4.3 Consolidation test -- 2.4.4 Coefficient of volume compressibility -- 2.4.5 Magnitude and rate of settlement -- 2.4.6 Settlement calculations -- 2.5 Allowable bearing pressure -- 2.6 Conclusions -- B:Laboratory testing -- 2.7 Introduction to laboratory testing -- 2.8 Classification (disturbed sample tests) -- 2.8.1 Particle size and distribution -- 2.8.2 Density -- 2.8.3 Liquidity and plasticity -- 2.8.4 General -- 2.9 Undisturbed sample testing -- 2.9.1 Moisture content -- 2.9.2 Shear strength -- 2.9.3 Consolidation tests (oedometer apparatus) -- 2.9.4 Permeability tests -- 2.9.5 Chemical tests -- 2.10 Summary of tests -- 2.11 Analysis of results -- 2.12 Final observations on testing -- C:Geology -- 2.13 Introduction to geology -- 2.14 Formation of rock types -- 2.15 Weathering of rocks -- 2.16 Agents of weathering -- 2.16.1 Temperature -- 2.16.2 Water -- 2.16.3 Wind -- 2.16.4 Glaciation -- 2.17 Earth movement -- 2.17.1 Folds,fractures and faults -- 2.17.2 Dip and strike -- 2.17.3 Jointing -- 2.17.4 Drift -- 2.18 Errors in borehole interpretation -- 2.19 Geophysical investigation -- 2.20 Expert knowledge and advice -- 2.21 References -- 3 Ground Investigation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The need for investigation -- 3.2.1 The designer's need -- 3.2.2 The contractor's need -- 3.2.3 The client's need -- 3.2.4 Site investigation for failed, or failing,existing foundations -- 3.3 Procedure -- 3.3.1 Site survey plan -- 3.3.2 Study of existing information -- 3.3.3 Preliminary site reconnaissance and site walkabout -- 3.4 Soil investigation -- 3.4.1 Borehole layout -- 3.4.2 Trial pits layout -- 3.4.3 Hand augers -- 3.4.4 Boring -- 3.4.5 Backfilling of trial pits and boreholes.

3.4.6 Soil sampling -- 3.4.7 Storage of samples -- 3.4.8 Frequency of sampling -- 3.4.9 Appointment of specialist soil investigator -- 3.5 Site examination of soils -- 3.6 Field (site)testing of soils -- 3.6.1 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) -- 3.6.2 Vane test -- 3.6.3 Plate bearing test -- 3.6.4 Pressuremeters -- 3.6.5 Groundwater (piezometers and standpipes) -- 3.6.6 Otherfield tests -- 3.7 Recording information - trial pit and borehole logs and soil pro .les -- 3.8 Soil samples and soil pro .les -- 3.9 Preliminary analysis of results -- 3.10 Site investigation report -- 3.10.1 Factors affecting quality of report -- 3.10.2 Sequence of report -- 3.10.3 Site description -- 3.10.4 The ground investigation -- 3.10.5 Results -- 3.10.6 Recommendations -- 3.11 Fills (made ground) -- 3.12 Legal issues -- 3.13 Time -- 3.14 Conclusions -- 3.15 Further information -- 3.16 References -- PART 2:SPECIAL AND FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS -- 4 Topography and its Influence on Site Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Implications from surface observations -- 4.2.1 Changes in level,ground slopes and movements -- 4.2.2 Mounds,depressions and disturbed ground -- 4.2.3 Past or current activities -- 4.2.4 Vegetation -- 4.2.5 Surface ponding or watercourses -- 4.3 Effects on development arising from topographical features -- 4.3.1 Sloping sites -- 4.3.2 Slope stability -- 4.3.3 Groundwater -- 4.3.4 Settlement -- 4.4 Summary -- 4.5 References -- 5 Contaminated and Derelict Sites -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 State of the art -- 5.1.2 Contamination implications -- 5.2 Redundant foundations and services -- 5.2.1 Identification -- 5.2.2 Sampling and testing -- 5.2.3 Site treatment -- 5.3 Chemical and toxic contamination -- 5.3.1 Part IIA risk-based approach -- 5.3.2 Soil Guideline Values -- 5.3.3 CLEA Model -- 5.3.4 Risk to humans and animals.

5.3.5 Risks to plants and the wider ecosystem -- 5.3.6 Risk to the water environment -- 5.3.7 Risk to buildings and construction materials -- 5.3.8 Toxic contamination - site identification -- 5.3.9 Contaminant investigation -- 5.3.10 Sampling and testing -- 5.3.11 Site treatment -- 5.4 Foundation protection -- 5.5 Examples of site investigations on potentially contaminated sites -- 5.6 References -- 6 Mining and Other Subsidence -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mechanics of mining subsidence -- 6.3 Methods of mining -- 6.3.1 Longwall workings -- 6.3.2 Pillar and stall workings (partial extraction methods) -- 6.3.3 'Bell-pits' -- 6.4 Associated and other workings -- 6.4.1 Abandoned mine shafts and adits -- 6.4.2 Fireclay and other clays -- 6.4.3 Iron ores -- 6.4.4 Other metals -- 6.4.5 Limestone -- 6.4.6 Salt -- 6.4.7 Chalk -- 6.5 Faulting -- 6.6 Natural and other cavities -- 6.6.1 Dissolving rock -- 6.6.2 Dissolving soils -- 6.7 Treatment of abandoned shallow workings -- 6.7.1 Introduction -- 6.7.2 Excavate and backfill -- 6.7.3 Partial and full grouting -- 6.8 Treatment of abandoned shafts -- 6.8.1 Capping -- 6.9 Effect of mining method and method of treatment -- 6.9.1 Introduction -- 6.9.2 Bell workings -- 6.9.3 Pillar and stall -- 6.9.4 Longwall workings -- 6.9.5 Rafts founded over longwall workings -- 6.10 Design principles and precautions in longwall mining subsidence areas -- 6.10.1 Introduction -- 6.10.2 Rafts and strips for low-rise, lightly loading buildings -- 6.10.3 Rafts for multi-storey structures or heavy industrial buildings -- 6.10.4 Jacking points -- 6.10.5 Service ducts -- 6.10.6 Piling -- 6.10.7 Articulated foundation -- 6.11 Superstructures -- 6.11.1 Introduction -- 6.11.2 Rigid superstructures -- 6.11.3 Flexible superstructures -- 6.12 Monitoring -- 6.13 References -- 7 Fill -- 7.1 Filled sites -- 7.1.1 Introduction.

7.1.2 Movement and settlement -- 7.2 The container -- 7.2.1 The container surface -- 7.2.2 The container edges -- 7.2.3 The container base -- 7.2.4 The container sub-strata -- 7.3 Water -- 7.3.1 Effect of water on combustion -- 7.3.2 Effect of water on chemical solutions -- 7.3.3 Water lubrication -- 7.3.4 Water inundation -- 7.3.5 Organic decay -- 7.3.6 Information from water -- 7.4 The fill material -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.5 Fill investigations -- 7.5.1 Special requirements -- 7.5.2 Suggested procedures -- 7.6 Settlement predictions -- 7.6.1 Settlement: fill only -- 7.6.2 Settlement: combined effects -- 7.7 The development and its services -- 7.7.1 Sensitivity -- 7.7.2 Treatment and solutions -- 7.7.3 New .lling for development -- 7.8 Case examples -- 7.8.1 Introduction -- 7.8.2 Example 1: Movement of existing building on fill -- 7.8.3 Example 2: New development on existing colliery fill -- 7.8.4 Example 3: New development on new filling -- 7.8.5 Example 4: New developments on existing preloaded fill -- 7.8.6 Example 5: New development on existing backfilled quarry (purchase of coal rights) -- 7.8.7 Example 6: Development new fill (prevention of flooding) -- 7.9 References -- 7.10 Further reading -- 8 Ground Improvement Methods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Surface rolling -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Method -- 8.2.3 Soil suitability and variation -- 8.2.4 Site monitoring -- 8.3 Vibro-stabilization -- 8.3.1 Introduction -- 8.3.2 Working surfaces -- 8.3.3 Method -- 8.3.4 Vibro-compaction -- 8.3.5 Vibro-displacement -- 8.3.6 Vibro-replacement -- 8.3.7 Summary of vibro-stabilization -- 8.3.8 Design considerations granular soils -- 8.3.9 Design considerations cohesive soils -- 8.3.10 Testing -- 8.3.11 Vibro-concrete -- 8.4 Dynamic consolidation -- 8.4.1 Introduction -- 8.4.2 Method -- 8.4.3 Usage -- 8.4.4 Site checks -- 8.5 Preloading.

8.5.1 Introduction.