Contents -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Part One Introduction -- Part Two Prescriptive Criminal Jurisdiction Over the Perpetrators of Ship-Source Pollution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Flag State's Jurisdiction Under International Law to Prescribe Sanctions for Ship-Source Pollution -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Environmental Obligations of Flag States Under International Law -- 2.3 The Flag State's Discretion with Respect to the Criminalization of Discharge Violations -- 2.4 International Rules Determining Environmental Responsibilities and Sanctions for Ship-Source Pollution -- 3 Prescriptive Criminal Jurisdiction Over Pollution Violations Involving Foreign Vessels -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Criminal Liability for Pollution and the Right of Innocent Passage Through the Territorial Sea -- 3.2.1 Overview -- 3.2.2 Does Criminalization of Pollution Violations Hinder Innocent Passage? -- 3.2.3 Who May Be Subject to Criminal Liability for Ship-Source Pollution? -- 3.3 UNCLOS Provisions on Jurisdiction in the Exclusive Economic Zone -- 3.4 Criminal Liability for Pollution Violations on the High Seas and in Other States' Waters -- 3.4.1 Overview -- 3.4.2 Environmental Crimes Perpetrated by Nationals -- 3.4.3 Pollution by Foreign Perpetrators on the High Seas and in Other States' Waters -- 3.5 Application of Territorial Jurisdiction to Discharge Violations Perpetrated Outside a State's Territory -- Part Three Criminal Enforcement Jurisdiction in Ship-Source Pollution Cases -- 4 Introduction -- 5 Interdiction of Foreign Vessels and Crews for Pollution Violations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Inspection and Detention of Foreign Vessels in the Territorial Sea -- 5.3 Inspection and Detention of Foreign Vessels in the EEZ -- 5.4 Interdiction of Foreign Vessels on the High Seas.

6 Jurisdiction with Regard to Criminal Prosecution in Ship-Source Pollution Cases -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Flag State Enforcement Jurisdiction in Pollution Cases -- 6.3 Jurisdiction to Punish Foreign Perpetrators of Ship-Source Pollution -- 6.3.1 Overview -- 6.3.2 Discharge Violations in Internal Waters and the Territorial Sea -- 6.3.3 Discharge Violations in the EEZ -- 6.3.4 Port State Jurisdiction and Extraterritorial Pollution Violations -- 6.3.5 Allocation of Concurrent Jurisdiction to Prosecute a Discharge Violation Affecting Several Coastal States -- 7 Safeguards Against Excessive Enforcement by Non-Flag States -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Rules Applying to the Investigation and Detention of Foreign Vessels -- 7.3 Prompt Release of Vessels and Crews -- 7.4 Suspension and Restrictions on Institution of Proceedings -- 7.5 Rights of the Crew in Criminal Pollution Cases -- Part Four Criminal Jurisdiction over Perpetrators of Ship-Source Pollution in Selected National Systems and the European Union -- 8 Introduction -- 9 The European Union -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 EU Rules on Criminal Liability for Ship-Source Pollution in the Light of MARPOL -- 9.2.1 Overview -- 9.2.2 Definitions of Negligence in the Directives and in MARPOL -- 9.2.3 Who May Be Subject to Penalties for Discharge Violations? -- 9.2.4 The Erika and Criminal Penalties for Accidental Pollution -- 9.3 EU Rules of Criminal Jurisdiction in Ship-Source Pollution Cases -- 9.3.1 Overview -- 9.3.2 EU Rules on the Jurisdiction of the State of Nationality -- 9.3.3 Coastal and Port State Jurisdiction under the Directives -- 9.3.4 EU Rules on Criminal Jurisdiction in the Light of the UNCLOS Safeguards -- 10 Kingdom of Norway -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Criminal Liability for Ship-Source Pollution -- 10.3 Rules of Criminal Jurisdiction over Perpetrators of Pollution -- 11 The Russian Federation.

11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Criminal Liability for Ship-Source Pollution -- 11.3 Criminal Jurisdiction over Perpetrators of Pollution -- Part Five Summary and Conclusions -- List of Sources -- International Documents -- Treaties -- Regional and Bilateral Agreements -- International Court of Justice -- International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea -- European Court of Human Rights -- IMO Resolutions -- European Union -- Treaties -- Secondary Law -- Court of Justice of the European Union -- Other -- Kingdom of Norway -- Laws -- Regulations -- Cases -- Travaux Préparatoires -- The Russian Federation -- Federal Statutes -- Federal Regulations -- Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation -- Cases -- Other Cases -- Bibliography -- Index.