Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1: Emergence and Complexity -- 1. A Quantum Origin of Life? Paul C. W. Davies -- 1.1. Chemistry and Information -- 1.2. Q-life -- 1.3. The Problemof Decoherence -- 1.4. Life as the "Solution" of a Quantum Search Algorithm -- 1.5. Quantum Choreography -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2. Quantum Mechanics and Emergence Seth Lloyd -- 2.1. Bits -- 2.2. Coin Flips -- 2.3. The Computational Universe -- 2.4. Generating Complexity -- 2.5. A Human Perspective -- 2.6. A QuantumPerspective -- References -- Part 2: Quantum Mechanisms in Biology -- 3. Quantum Coherence and the Search for the First Replicator Jim Al-Khalili and Johnjoe McFadden -- 3.1. When did Life Start? -- 3.2. Where did Life Start? -- 3.3. Where did the Precursors Come From? -- 3.4. What was the Nature of the First Self-replicator? -- 3.5. The RNAWorld Hypothesis -- 3.6. A Quantum Mechanical Origin of Life -- 3.6.1. The dynamic combinatorial library -- 3.6.2. The two-potential model -- 3.6.3. Decoherence -- 3.6.4. Replication as measurement -- 3.6.5. Avoiding decoherence -- 3.7. Summary -- References -- 4. Ultrafast Quantum Dynamics in Photosynthesis Alexandra Olaya Castro, Francesca Fassioli Olsen, Chiu Fan Lee, and Neil F. Johnson -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. A Coherent Photosynthetic Unit (CPSU) -- 4.3. Toy Model: Interacting Qubits with a Spin-star Configuration -- 4.4. A More Detailed Model: Photosynthetic Unit of Purple Bacteria -- 4.5. Experimental Considerations -- 4.6. Outlook -- References -- 5. Modelling Quantum Decoherence in Biomolecules Jacques Bothma, Joel Gilmore, and Ross H. McKenzie -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Time and Energy Scales -- 5.3. Models for Quantum Baths and Decoherence -- 5.3.1. The spin-bosonmodel -- 5.3.1.1. Independent boson model -- 5.3.2. Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian.

5.3.3. The spectral density -- 5.4. The Spectral Density for the Different Continuum Models of the Environment -- 5.5. Obtaining the Spectral Density from Experimental Data -- 5.6. Analytical Solution for the Time Evolution of the Density Matrix -- 5.7. Nuclear Quantum Tunnelling in Enzymes and the Crossover Temperature -- 5.8. Summary -- References -- Part 3: The Biological Evidence -- 6. Molecular Evolution: A Role for Quantum Mechanics in the Dynamics of Molecular Machines that Read and Write DNA Anita Goel -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Background -- 6.3. Approach -- 6.3.1. The information processing power of a molecularmotor -- 6.3.2. Estimation of decoherence times of the motor-DNA complex -- 6.3.3. Implications and discussion -- References -- 7. Memory Depends on the Cytoskeleton, but is it Quantum? Andreas Mershin and Dimitri V. Nanopoulos -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Motivation behind Connecting Quantum Physics to the Brain -- 7.3. Three Scales of Testing for Quantum Phenomena in Consciousness -- 7.4. Testing the QCI at the 10 nm-10 µm Scale -- 7.5. Testing for Quantum Effects in Biological Matter Amplified from the 0.1 nm to the 10 nm Scale and Beyond -- 7.6. Summary and Conclusions -- 7.7. Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8. Quantum Metabolism and Allometric Scaling Relations in Biology Lloyd Demetrius -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Quantum Metabolism: Historical Development -- 8.2.1. Quantization of radiation oscillators -- 8.2.2. Quantization of material oscillators -- 8.2.3. Quantization of molecular oscillators -- 8.2.4. Material versus molecular oscillators -- 8.3. Metabolic Energy and Cycle Time -- 8.3.1. The mean energy -- 8.3.2. The total metabolic energy -- 8.4. The Scaling Relations -- 8.4.1. Metabolic rate and cell size -- 8.4.2. Metabolic rate and body mass -- 8.5. Empirical Considerations -- 8.5.1. Scaling exponents.

8.5.2. The proportionality constant -- References -- 9. Spectroscopy of the Genetic Code Jim D. Bashford and Peter D. Jarvis -- 9.1. Background: Systematics of the Genetic Code -- 9.1.1. RNA translation -- 9.1.2. The nature of the code -- 9.1.3. Information processing and the code -- 9.2. Symmetries and Supersymmetries in the Genetic Code -- 9.2.1. sl(6/1) model: UA+S scheme -- 9.2.2. sl(6/1) model: 3CH scheme -- 9.2.3. Dynamical symmetry breaking and third base wobble -- 9.3. Visualizing the Genetic Code -- 9.4. Quantum Aspects of Codon Recognition -- 9.4.1. N(34) conformational symmetry -- 9.4.2. Dynamical symmetry breaking and third base wobble -- 9.5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10. Towards Understanding the Origin of Genetic Languages Apoorva D. Patel -- 10.1. The Meaning of It All -- 10.2. Lessons of Evolution -- 10.3. Genetic Languages -- 10.4. Understanding Proteins -- 10.5. Understanding DNA -- 10.6. What Preceded the Optimal Languages? -- 10.7. Quantum Role? -- 10.8. Outlook -- References -- Part 4: Artificial Quantum Life -- 11. Can Arbitrary Quantum Systems Undergo Self-replication? Arun K. Pati and Samuel L. Braunstein -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Formalizing the Self-replicating Machine -- 11.3. Proof of No-self-replication -- 11.4. Discussion -- 11.5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12. A Semi-quantum Version of the Game of Life Adrian P. Flitney and Derek Abbott -- 12.1. Background and Motivation -- 12.1.1. Classical cellular automata -- 12.1.2. Conway's game of life -- 12.1.3. Quantum cellular automata -- 12.2. Semi-quantumLife -- 12.2.1. The idea -- 12.2.2. A first model -- 12.2.3. A semi-quantum model -- 12.2.4. Discussion -- 12.3. Summary -- References -- 13. Evolutionary Stability in Quantum Games Azhar Iqbal and Taksu Cheon -- 13.1. Evolutionary Game Theory and Evolutionary Stability.

13.1.1. Population setting of evolutionary game theory -- 13.2. Quantum Games -- 13.3. Evolutionary Stability in Quantum Games -- 13.3.1. Evolutionary stability in EWL scheme -- 13.3.2. Evolutionary stability in MW quantization scheme -- 13.4. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 14. Quantum Transmemetic Intelligence Edward W. Piotrowski and Jan S ladkowski -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. A QuantumModel of FreeWill -- 14.3. Quantum Acquisition of Knowledge -- 14.4. Thinking as a Quantum Algorithm -- 14.5. Counterfactual Measurement as a Model of Intuition -- 14.6. Quantum Modi.cation of Freud's Model of Consciousness -- 14.7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 5: The Debate -- 15. Dreams versus Reality: Plenary Debate Session on Quantum Computing -- 16. Plenary Debate: Quantum E.ects in Biology: Trivial or Not? -- 17. Nontrivial Quantum Effects in Biology: A Skeptical Physicists' View Howard Wiseman and Jens Eisert -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. A Quantum Life Principle -- 17.2.1. A quantum chemistry principle? -- 17.2.2. The anthropic principle -- 17.3. Quantum Computing in the Brain -- 17.3.1. Nature did everything first? -- 17.3.2. Decoherence as the make or break issue -- 17.3.3. Quantum error correction -- 17.3.4. Uselessness of quantum algorithms for organisms -- 17.4. Quantum Computing in Genetics -- 17.4.1. Quantum search -- 17.4.2. Teleological aspects and the fast-track to life -- 17.5. Quantum Consciousness -- 17.5.1. Computability and free will -- 17.5.2. Time scales -- 17.6. QuantumFreeWill . -- 17.6.1. Predictability and free will -- 17.6.2. Determinism and free will -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 18. That's Life!-The Geometry of π Electron Clouds Stuart Hamero. -- 18.1. What is Life? -- 18.2. Protoplasm: Water, Gels and Solid Non-polar Regions -- 18.3. Van der Waals Forces.

18.4. Kekule's Dream and π Electron Resonance -- 18.5. Proteins-The Engines of Life -- 18.6. Anesthesia and Consciousness -- 18.7. Cytoskeletal Geometry: Microtubules, Cilia and Flagella -- 18.8. Decoherence -- 18.9. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix 1. Quantum Computing in DNA π Electron Stacks -- Appendix 2. Penrose-Hameroff OrchORModel -- Index.