HELIUM: CHARACTERISTICS, COMPOUNDS, AND APPLICATIONS -- HELIUM: CHARACTERISTICS, COMPOUNDS, AND APPLICATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- HELIUM IN THE TERRESTRIAL UPPER ATMOSPHERE: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF ITS EMISSION IN THE INFRARED SPECTRAL REGION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE MAIN MECHANISM OF EXCITATION OF METASTABLE ORTHOHELIUM ATOMS -- 3. PROCESSES OF EXCITATION AND DEACTIVATION OF THE METASTABLE HELIUM ATOMS -- 4. THE ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE METASTABLE ORTHOHELIUM ATOMS -- 5. PROCESSES OF EXCITATION OF THE PARAHELIUM ATOMS -- 6. DEPENDENCE OF THE SOLAR UV ATTENUATION DEGREE ON THE SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE χ -- 7. METHOD OF THE INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS -- 8. THE RESULTS OF THE INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS -- 1. Nighttime Variations -- 2. Variations with the Moon Phase Age Period -- 3. Seasonal Variations -- 4. Dependence on Solar Activity -- 5. Dependence on Geomagnetic Disturbance -- 9. INTERFEROMETRIC STUDIES OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THERMOSPHERE -- 10. EXPERIMENTAL INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF TEMPERATURE -- 11. ABOUT RELATION BETWEEN DOPPLER AND KINETIC TEMPERATURES OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE -- 12. VARIATIONS OF THE HELIUM EMISSION INTENISY AS A FUNCTION OF THE SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE FOR VARIOUS THERMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- HELIUM IN METALS-DIFFUSION AND EQUATION OF STATE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. HELIUM DIFFUSION AND BUBBLES FORMATION IN ALUMINUM -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Alloy Preparation -- 1.3. Experimental Results -- 1.3.1. In situ observation of bubble formation and growth -- 1.3.2. Bubble formation in bulk aluminum -- 1.3.3. Number of helium atoms in a bubble -- 1.4. Theoretical Estimation of Helium Bubble Formation by Diffusion in Aluminum: Bulk Heating and Hot Stage Heating -- 1.4.1. Bubble formation during bulk heating -- 1.4.2. Bubble formation during heating in the hot stage TEM holder.

1.4.5. Conclusions -- 2. PREFERRED HELIUM MIGRATION DIRECTION IN ALUMINUM -- 2.1. Experimental Results -- 2.2. Analysis and Discussion -- 2.3. Conclusions -- 3. EQUATION OF STATE FOR ALUMINUM CONTAINING HELIUM BUBBLES -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Theoretical Model -- 3.2.1. Genera1 framework -- 3.2.2. Helium EOS -- 3.2.2.1. Carnahan-starling EOS -- 3.2.2.2. Trinkaus EOS -- 3.2.3. Hugoniot calculation -- 3.3. Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1. EOS -- 3.3.2. Hugoniot curves -- 3.4. Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- RELEASE OF MANTLE HELIUM AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RELEASE OF MANTLE HELIUM FROM THE MESOZOIC, CRYSTALLINE IIDE MOUNTAINS -- 3. RELEASE OF MANTLE HELIUM FROM THE SOURCE REGION OF THE 2000 WESTERN TOTTORI EARTHQUAKE -- 4. VARIATIONS IN 3HE/4HE RATIOS ALONG THE ISTL AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS -- 4.1. Geological Background -- 4.2. Analytical Procedures -- 4.3. Chemical and Isotopic Composition -- 4.4. Geographic Distribution of 3He/4He Ratios and Their Relationship to Tectonics -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ELASTIC AND INELASTIC PROCESSES WITH SPIN-POLARIZED METASTABLE HELIUM ATOMS IN GAS DISCHARGE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE THEORY OF SPIN EXCHANGE -- FREQUENCY SHIFTS DUE TO SPIN EXCHANGE WITH CHEMI-IONIZATION -- KINETICS OF OPTICAL ORIENTATION OF METASTABLE (23S1) HELIUM ATOMS -- a. Interaction between Particles with Electron Spins S=1/2 and S=1 -- B. Interactios between Particles with Electron Spins S=1 and S=1 -- EXPERIMENT -- A. Magnetic Resonance in a System of Optically Polarized Metastable Helium Atoms and Atoms with Electron Spin S=1/2 in Ground State -- B. Magnetic Resonance in a System of Optically Polarized Particles with Electron Spins S=1 [(He(23s1) - O2(3 Σ-G)] -- INTERACTION POTENTIALS.

CALCULATIONS OF THE SPIN EXCHANGE AND CHEMIIONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- EFFECT OF HE PLASMA TREATMENT ON THE REACTIVITY OF POROUS METHYL-DOPED SILICON DIOXIDE LAYERS -- 1. ABSTRACT -- 2. INTRODUCTION -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3.1. Preliminary treatment -- 3.2. Etching -- 3.3. Methods -- 3.4. Materials -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Molecular structure -- 4.2. Modeling -- 4.3. Comparison of modeling results with experiment and model verification. -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- LIGHTER THAN AIR VEHICLES: AUTONOMOUS AIRSHIPS FOR BRIDGE MONITORING -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BRIDGE MONITORING FLIGHT SIMULATOR -- 3. MODELING -- 3.1. Kinematic Modeling -- 3.2. Mass Characteristics -- 3.3. Six Degrees of Freedom Modeling -- 3.3.1. Rigid body mechanics -- 3.3.2. Gravity and lift forces and moments -- 3.3.3. Propulsive forces -- 3.3.4. Aerodynamic forces and moments -- a - Stationary coefficients -- b - Nonstationary coefficients -- 3.4. Three Degrees of Freedom Dynamic Modeling -- 4. TRIM TRAJECTORIES -- 4.1. Trim Conditions Determination Algorithm -- Performance index -- Constraints -- Under-actuation constraints -- Flight envelope constraints -- Trajectory geometry -- Constraints dues to the actuators limitations -- 4.2 Trajectory Planner -- A. Problem formulation -- B. Extremal curves -- Extremal trajectoires -- Algorithm description -- Case of backward right turn -- Case of a forward right turn -- 5. FLIGHT CONTROL METHODOLOGY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY OF HELIUM BEHAVIOR IN NUCLEAR FUEL MATERIALS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMPUTATIONAL METHODOLOGY -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Trapping and Diffusion Behavior of a Single He Atom in the UO2 Lattice -- 3.2. Atomistic Modeling of He Nucleation -- 3.3. He Behavior in Other Actinide Dioxides -- CONCLUSION.

REFERENCES -- HELIUMTHERMODYNAMICS,ANALYTICALMODEL -- Abstract -- 1.Introduction -- 2.DevelopmentoffluidEOSconceptandformulation -- 2.1.CubicEOS -- 2.2.VirialEOS -- 2.3.Helmholtzenergy(fundamental)EOS -- 3.MainFeaturesofthePresentedHeliumModel -- 4.IntermolecularPotentialEnergy -- 4.1.DoubleYukawapotential -- 5.FundamentalHelmholtzfreeenergyequation -- 5.1.Hardspherefreeenergy -- 5.2.Attractionfreeenergy -- 5.3.Quantumfreeenergy -- 6.Thethermodynamicproperties -- 6.1.Analyticalcompressibilityfactors -- 6.2.AnalyticalexplicitpressureEOS -- 7.Heliumattemperaturebelow40K -- 8.Conclusion -- 9.Acknowledgments -- References -- COMBININGHELIUMWITHANTIMATTER:ANTIPROTONICHELIUMANDITSAPPLICATIONS -- 1.Introduction -- 2.HistoricalPerspective -- 2.1.EarlyObservations -- 2.2.MetastabilityRediscovered -- 2.3.DiscoveryofAntiprotonicHelium -- 2.4.MoreRecentResults -- 3.DelayedAnnihilationTimeSpectra -- 3.1.ExperimentalMethod -- 3.2.Results -- 4.PropertiesofAntiprotonicHelium -- 4.1.AntiprotonicHeliumFormation:EnergyLevels -- 4.2.AntiprotonicHeliumEvolution:DecayProcessesandRates -- 4.3.MolecularApproach -- 5.OtherImportantEffects -- 5.1.IsotopeEffect -- 5.2.QuenchingbyContaminants -- 6.LaserSpectroscopy -- 6.1.ExperimentalMethod -- 6.2.ImprovementsandFurtherTransitionsDiscovered -- 6.3.FavouredandUnfavouredTransitions -- 6.4.DoubleResonanceMethod -- 6.5.PressureShiftandBroadening -- 6.6.HAIRTransitions -- 7.CalculationsofTransitionFrequencies -- 7.1.FirstCalculations -- 7.2.CurrentSituation -- 8.FurtherExperimentalImprovements -- 8.1.NewAntiprotonFacility -- 8.2.RadioFrequencyQuadrupoleDecelerator -- 8.3.FrequencyComb -- 8.4.TwoPhotonSpectroscopy -- 8.5.FineandHyperfineStructure -- 9.ComparisonbetweenDataandCalculations:AntiprotonMassandCPTTest -- 10.Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- INDEX.